A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later. She survived, but now the nurse is providing care for impaired ventricular function because
the cells of the myocardium become hypertrophic.
the resulting hypoxia leads to ischemic injury and myocardial cell death.
there is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance that can be corrected.
there is too much pressure on the heart and the ventricles begin to dysfunction.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: The cells of the myocardium become hypertrophic in response to increased workload or pressure, not as a result of myocardial infarction. Hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism that can lead to impaired ventricular function over time.
Choice B reason: The resulting hypoxia leads to ischemic injury and myocardial cell death. This is the main cause of impaired ventricular function after a myocardial infarction. The loss of viable myocardial tissue reduces the contractility and pumping ability of the heart.
Choice C reason: There is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance that can be corrected. This is not the primary cause of impaired ventricular function after a myocardial infarction. Electrolyte imbalance can occur due to fluid loss, renal impairment, or medication side effects, but it can be managed with appropriate interventions.
Choice D reason: There is too much pressure on the heart and the ventricles begin to dysfunction. This is not the direct cause of impaired ventricular function after a myocardial infarction. Increased pressure on the heart can result from hypertension, valvular disease, or pulmonary embolism, but it is not related to myocardial ischemia or necrosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the cause of pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure. Decreased cardiac output is a consequence of left heart failure, which affects the perfusion of vital organs and tissues.
Choice B reason: This is not the cause of pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure. Bronchoconstriction is a feature of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which affect the airways and cause wheezes and shortness of breath.
Choice C reason: This is not the cause of pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure. Inflammatory pulmonary edema is a type of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which occurs when the alveolar-capillary membrane is damaged by an inflammatory process, such as pneumonia or sepsis.
Choice D reason: This is the correct cause of pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure. Pulmonary vascular congestion is a result of increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the aorta and the rest of the body. This causes fluid to leak into the alveoli and interstitial spaces, leading to cough, dyspnea, crackles, and pink frothy sputum.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Vasodilators are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the resistance to blood flow. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure, but they are usually added to other medications, such as diuretics or beta blockers, to improve the symptoms and outcomes.
Choice B reason: This is the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Diuretics are a class of medications that increase the urine output and reduce the fluid retention in the body. They can be used to treat hypertension, edema, and heart failure, as they reduce the preload and afterload on the heart, and decrease the pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema.
Choice C reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, which cause vasodilation and reduced cardiac contractility. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, but they are not recommended for most patients with heart failure, as they may worsen the cardiac function and increase the mortality.
Choice D reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Direct renin inhibitors are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by inhibiting the enzyme renin, which initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormonal pathway that regulates the blood pressure and fluid balance. They can be used to treat hypertension, but they have not been proven to be effective or safe for patients with heart failure.
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