Which action by a psychiatric nurse best applies the ethical principle of autonomy?
Intervening when a self-mutilating patient attempts to harm self.
Exploring alternative solutions with the patient, who then makes a choice.
Staying with a patient demonstrating a high level of anxiety.
Suggesting that two patients who were fighting be restricted to the unit.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Intervening when a self-mutilating patient attempts to harm self reflects beneficence and nonmaleficence, prioritizing safety rather than autonomy.
B. Supporting the patient to explore alternatives and make their own choice directly respects and promotes the ethical principle of autonomy.
C. Staying with a patient demonstrating a high level of anxiety demonstrates beneficence by providing support, not autonomy.
D. Suggesting restrictions for patients who were fighting reflects justice or safety measures, not the patient’s personal decision-making.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Assessing lung sounds and extremities is not a priority in this context unless there are signs of fluid overload or other complications; it does not address the psychosocial aspect of anorexia recovery.
B. Positive reinforcement encourages the patient’s healthy behaviors and progress, helping to build motivation and self-esteem during the challenging refeeding process. Recognizing the patient’s achievement supports therapeutic engagement and adherence to treatment goals.
C. Immediately establishing a higher weight gain goal may increase anxiety or pressure on the patient, potentially undermining adherence and progress. Goals should remain realistic and individualized.
D. Suggesting aerobic exercise is inappropriate at this stage of refeeding, as excessive activity can interfere with weight restoration and may reinforce disordered behaviors.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, life-threatening reaction associated with antipsychotic medications, not stimulants like methylphenidate.
B. Dystonia, akinesia, and extrapyramidal symptoms are primarily seen with antipsychotic use, not with ADHD stimulant medications.
C. Bradycardia and hypotensive episodes – Stimulants more commonly cause tachycardia and hypertension, not bradycardia or hypotension.
D. Sleep disturbances and weight loss are common side effects of methylphenidate due to its stimulant properties. Monitoring sleep patterns, appetite, and growth is a priority in children taking this medication.
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