When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

Patient verbalizes frequent fatigue.

Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Orthopnea.

Cyanosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Fatigue is a subjective symptom because it is experienced and reported by the patient. Patients with left-sided heart failure often experience fatigue due to the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs.
Choice B rationale
Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an objective symptom that can be measured and observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.
Choice C rationale
Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying flat, is a subjective symptom as it is based on the patient’s personal experience. However, it is not the best answer in this case because the question asks for the “subjective symptoms,” and fatigue is a more common subjective symptom of left-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Cyanosis, or bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood, is an objective symptom that can be observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
During systole, the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart to the body and lungs.
Choice B rationale
The ventricles relax during diastole, not systole.
Choice C rationale
The atria also contract during systole, but this occurs just before ventricular systole.
Choice D rationale
This choice is incorrect because both the ventricles and the atria contract during systole.

A. Bradypnea. B. Hyperpnea. C. Kussmal’s Respirations. D. Cheyne-Stokes Respirations.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice D rationale
Cheyne-Stokes respirations, a pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum depth, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea, are commonly observed in patients nearing the end of life.

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When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What events take place during systole? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a patient being cared for at the end of life. Which of the following respiratory patterns would be expected?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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