What nursing intervention enhances the nutritional status of a patient with COPD?

A. Encourage the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day.

This is the correct choice. Clients with COPD often have thickened respiratory secretions due to chronic inflammation and mucus production. Adequate hydration helps to keep these secretions thin, making them easier to cough up and clear from the airways. Encouraging the client to drink plenty of fluids, such as water, can assist in maintaining optimal hydration levels and promoting effective airway clearance.

B. Instruct the client to cough every 4 hours.

Instructing the client to cough on a scheduled basis, such as every 4 hours, is not appropriate for managing COPD. While coughing is important for clearing respiratory secretions, the frequency of coughing should be based on the client's individual needs and symptoms. Some clients with COPD may need to cough more frequently, while others may need to cough less often. It's important to encourage the client to cough as needed to clear secretions rather than on a predetermined schedule.

C. Provide the client with a low-protein diet.

Providing the client with a low-protein diet is not recommended for managing COPD. Adequate protein intake is important for maintaining muscle strength, including respiratory muscles, and supporting overall health. Clients with COPD may have increased energy needs due to the increased work of breathing and should be encouraged to consume a balanced diet that includes adequate protein.

D. Advise the client to lie down after eating.

Advising the client to lie down after eating is not recommended for managing COPD. Lying down after eating can increase pressure on the diaphragm and make breathing more difficult, especially for individuals with compromised lung function. It's generally recommended for individuals with COPD to remain in an upright position after eating to minimize respiratory discomfort and reduce the risk of aspiration.

A. Fatigue

When collecting data from a client with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the nurse should expect to observe fatigue as one of the common manifestations. TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. Fatigue is a typical symptom experienced by individuals with TB, often resulting from the body's immune response to the infection, as well as the systemic effects of inflammation and tissue damage caused by the bacteria.

B. High fever in the early morning

While fever is a symptom of tuberculosis, it may not necessarily occur specifically in the early morning. Fever associated with TB can occur at any time of the day and may persist for weeks to months. The pattern of fever can vary among individuals and may not consistently occur in the early morning.

C. Edema

Edema, or swelling due to fluid accumulation in tissues, is not typically associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Edema is more commonly observed in conditions such as heart failure, renal failure, or liver disease, rather than in TB.

D. Increased appetite

Increased appetite is not a typical finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. In fact, individuals with active TB infection often experience appetite loss and unintended weight loss due to factors such as decreased food intake, metabolic changes, and systemic inflammation associated with the infection.