What is the best response for the nurse to give a parent about contacting the physician regarding an infant with diarrhea?

"Call the doctor immediately if the infant has a temperature greater than 100° F."

"Call your paediatrician if the infant has not had a wet diaper for 6 hours.

The paediatrician should be contacted if the infant has two loose stools in an 8-hour period."

"Notify the paediatrician if the infant naps more than 2 hours

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The best response for the nurse to give a parent regarding contacting the physician about an
infant with diarrhea is option B. In infants, dehydration can occur quickly, and a decrease in
urine output is an important indicator of fluid imbalance. Not having a wet diaper for 6 hours
can be a sign of inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, which warrants contacting the
paediatrician for further assessment and guidance.
"Call the doctor immediately if the infant has a temperature greater than 100° F,"in (option
A) is incorrect because it is not directly related to the concern of diarrhea. While a high fever
can be a sign of an underlying infection, it is not the primary concern in this case.
"The paediatrician should be contacted if the infant has two loose stools in an 8-hour
period,” in (option B) is incorrect because it may not necessarily require immediate medical
attention. While increased frequency of stools can be concerning, the absence of urine output
is a more critical indicator of dehydration.
"Notify the paediatrician if the infant naps more than 2 hours," in (option D) is incorrect
because it is unrelated to the concern of diarrhea and dehydration.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A change in status that should alert the nurse to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a child with a head injury is confusion and altered mental status. As intracranial pressure increases, it can affect brain function and lead to neurological changes, including confusion, disorientation, irritability, decreased level of consciousness, or other alterations in mental status. These changes indicate that the brain is being compressed and compromised, and immediate intervention is required.

Option B, increased diastolic pressure with narrowing pulse pressure in (option B) is incorrect because it, can be a sign of increased ICP, but it is not specific to head injuries and can be influenced by other factors such as pain, anxiety, or systemic conditions. It is important to consider the overall hemodynamic status of the child and assess for additional signs and symptoms of increased ICP.

irregular, rapid heart rate in (option C), can be a sign of increased ICP, but it is not specific to head injuries and can be influenced by other factors such as pain, anxiety, or other medical conditions. Assessment of heart rate should be considered along with other signs and symptoms of increased ICP.

rapid, shallow breathing, in (option D) can be a sign of increased ICP, but it is not specific to head injuries and can be influenced by other factors such as pain, anxiety, or respiratory conditions. Respiratory assessment should be considered along with other signs and symptoms of increased ICP.

A. Organisms destroy intestinal mucosal cells, resulting in an increased intestinal surface area. B. Malabsorption results in metabolic alkalosis. C. Increased motility results in impaired absorption of fluid and nutrients. D. Diarrhea results from a fluid deficit in the small intestine.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Diarrhea is characterized by increased motility of the intestines, which leads to a decreased absorption of fluid and nutrients. This statement correctly indicates an understanding of the teaching regarding diarrhea.

Organisms destroy intestinal mucosal cells, resulting in an increased intestinal surface area in (Option A) is incorrect because organisms causing diarrhea can lead to damage or inflammation of the intestinal mucosal cells, but they do not destroy them to increase the intestinal surface area.

Malabsorption results in metabolic alkalosis in (Option B) is incorrect because malabsorption does not result in metabolic alkalosis. Malabsorption refers to the impaired absorption of nutrients, but it does not directly affect the acid-base balance in the body.

Diarrhea results from a fluid deficit in the small intestine in (Option D) is incorrect because diarrhea does not result from a fluid deficit in the small intestine. Diarrhea is characterized by an increased volume of fluid in the intestines and increased frequency of bowel movements.

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What is the best response for the nurse to give a parent about contacting the physician regarding an infant with diarrhea?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which change in status should alert the nurse to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a child with a head injury?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching parents about diarrhea. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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