The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse about mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. Which statement by the nurse accurately explains the mechanisms regulating acid-base balance in children?

Thebehaviourdescribed,wherethechildappearstobestaringinto space,is characteristicof

B.Absenceseizures.

Absence seizures, also known as petit mal seizures, are a type of generalized seizure thatprimarily affects children. These seizures are brief and usually last for a few seconds. Duringan absence seizure, the child may appear to be staring blankly into space, unaware of theirsurroundings.Theymaynot respond to stimuli orengagein anypurposefulactivity.After theseizure ends, the child typically resumes their previous activity without any memory of theseizure.

Atonic seizures in (option A) is incorrect because it involves a sudden loss of muscle tone,leadingtoalimp or "drop"in theperson.

Simple partial seizures in (option C) are focal seizures that affect a specific region of thebrain,causinglocalizedsymptoms suchas twitchingor tinglinginaparticularbodypart.

Tonic-clonic seizures in (option D) also known as grand mal seizures, is incorrect because itinvolves a combination of muscle rigidity (tonic phase) and jerking movements (clonicphase).

Therefore, based on the description provided, the behaviour of staring into space ischaracteristic of B. Absence seizures. It is important for the child to be evaluated by ahealthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of theirseizures.

A subdural hematoma is a type of intracranial bleeding that occurs between the dura mater (the
outermost layer of the meninges) and the skull. The dura mater is a tough membrane that covers

and protects the brain. When a subdural hematoma occurs, blood collects between the dura mater
and the skull, resulting in increased pressure on the brain.
Bleeding is generally arterial, and brain compression occurs rapidly in (Option B) is incorrect because
while bleeding in a subdural hematoma can be arterial, it can also be venous. The rate of bleeding
and brain compression can vary depending on the size and severity of the hematoma.
Bleeding occurs between the dura and the cerebrum in (Option C) is incorrect because the bleeding
in a subdural hematoma does not occur between the dura and the cerebrum (the largest part of the
brain). It specifically occurs between the dura and the skull.
The hematoma commonly occurs in the pretemporal region in (Option D) is incorrect because the
location of a subdural hematoma can vary. While pretemporal region is a possible location, subdural
hematomas can occur in different areas of the brain, depending on the site of injury.