The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse about mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. Which statement by the nurse accurately explains the mechanisms regulating acid-base balance in children?

The statement that accurately describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) of a child and an adult is option A. The brain of a term infant weighs less than half of the weight of the adult brain. The brain undergoes significant growth and development during childhood and continues to develop until early adulthood. At birth, the brain is only a fraction of its adult weight, and it continues to grow and mature over time.

infant has 150 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with 50 mL in the adult in (option B), is incorrect. The volume of CSF in the CNS is not a significant difference between children and adults.

coordination and fine motor skills develop as myelination of peripheral nerves progresses in (option C), is an incorrect statement. Myelination is an ongoing process that occurs throughout childhood and contributes to the development of coordination and fine motor skills.

papilledema is a common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in the very young child in (option D), is not correct. Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc and is not commonly seen in very young children. Signs of increased ICP in young children may present differently compared to adults and can include altered mental status, irritability, vomiting, and changes in vital signs.

During adolescence, there is a period of rapid physical growth and development. This growth spurt requires additional energy and resources from the body, which can lead to increased fatigue and a heightened need for sleep. The body utilizes sleep as a time for rest, repair, and growth, and during this growth phase, the demand for restorative sleep tends to increase.

decreased activity in (option B) is incorrect because it, does not necessarily contribute to an increased need for sleep. While decreased activity may result in less fatigue and the perception of needing less sleep, it is not a predisposing factor for feeling an increased need for sleep.

typical lack of ambition in (option C) is incorrect because it, is not associated with an increased need for sleep. Lack of ambition refers to a lack of motivation or drive, which is not directly related to the physiological need for sleep.

an inadequate diet in (option D) is incorrect because it, can affect overall health and well- being, but it is not specifically associated with an increased need for sleep. However, a well- balanced and nutritious diet can support healthy growth and development, including adequate sleep patterns.