When a 2-week-old infant is seen for irritability, poor appetite, and rapid head growth with observable distended scalp veins, the nurse recognizes these signs as indicative of which disorder?
Cerebral palsy
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Hydrocephalus
Reye's syndrome
The Correct Answer is C
Hydrocephalus refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain. In infants, hydrocephalus can cause the head to enlarge rapidly as a result of the increased pressure exerted by the accumulating fluid. This is known as "rapid head growth." The increased intracranial pressure canlead to irritability and poor appetite in infants.
The distended scalp veins are another common sign of hydrocephalus. As the fluid accumulates, it puts pressure on theblood vessels in the brain, causing the veins in the scalp to become more visible and distended.
Cerebral palsy in (option A) is incorrect because is a neurological disorder that affects body movement and musclecoordination, but it does not typically present with rapid head growth or distended scalp veins.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in (option B) is incorrect because it is a condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone, leading to fluid imbalance, but it does not usually cause rapid head growth or distended scalp veins. Reye's syndrome (D) is a rare condition that primarily affects the liver and brain, and it does not typically present with rapid head growth or distended scalp veins.
Therefore, based on the signs described, hydrocephalus (C) is the most likely disorder in this case. It is important to seekmedical attention promptly for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management of hydrocephalus in infants.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones. Treatment for Graves' disease typically involves medications to regulate thyroid function. Adherence to the medication regimen is crucial for managing the disease and controlling symptoms.
By prioritizing the goal of verbalizing the importance of adherence to the medication regimen, the nurse aims to educate the adolescent about the significance of taking medications as prescribed. This education can help the adolescent understand the impact of medication non-adherence on their health and encourage them to actively participate in their treatment.
, developing alternative educational goals in (option B) is incorrect because it, is not directly related to the management of Graves' disease and its treatment.
allowing the adolescent to make decisions about whether or not to take medication in (option C) is incorrect because it, is not appropriate for a condition like Graves' disease where medication adherence is necessary for disease management. In this case, the nurse should focus on providing education and support to help the adolescent understand the importance of medication compliance.
relieving constipation in (option D) is incorrect because it, may be a consideration if constipation is a symptom experienced by the adolescent with Graves' disease. However, it is not the priority nursing goal as compared to ensuring adherence to the medication regimen, which directly addresses the management of Graves' disease.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The term used to describe an abnormally increased convex angulation in the curvature of the thoracic spine, which appears as a "hump back" or rounded upper back, is kyphosis.
Kyphosis refers to an excessive forward rounding or curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a visible hump-like appearance. It can result from various causes, including poor posture, congenital abnormalities, osteoporosis, or certain medical conditions.
ankylosis in (option A), refers to the abnormal fusion or immobility of a joint, typically due to inflammation or injury.
Lordosis, in (option C) refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lower back, causing the abdomen and buttocks to protrude.
, scoliosis in (option D), refers to an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, typically in an "S" or "C" shape. It is different from kyphosis, which primarily affects the thoracic spine and results in a rounded upper back.
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