What is the acronym for a temporary impairment of cerebral circulation that causes symptoms lasting minutes to hours but results in no permanent neurological changes?

A. TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms typically last for minutes to hours and resolve within 24 hours without causing permanent neurological damage.

B. CVA stands for Cerebrovascular Accident, which refers to a stroke. A CVA causes permanent neurological damage due to a lack of blood flow to the brain.

C. TPN stands for Total Parenteral Nutrition, which is a method of delivering nutrition intravenously to patients who cannot eat or absorb food normally. It is unrelated to cerebral circulation.

D. MI stands for Myocardial Infarction, which is a heart attack. It involves damage to the heart muscle due to a lack of blood flow but does not refer to cerebral circulation.

A. Dysphasia is a general term for difficulty with speech and language, which can involve problems with speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. It is not specific to the patient's response of raising an arm instead of sticking out the tongue.

B. Dysarthria refers to difficulty with the physical act of speaking due to weakness or incoordination of the muscles involved in speech. It does not involve comprehension or understanding of language.

C. Expressive aphasia refers to difficulty expressing thoughts verbally or in writing, but the patient typically understands language. This does not match the patient's response to the nurse's command.

D. Receptive aphasia is characterized by difficulty understanding spoken or written language. The patient may not comprehend the nurse's instructions, leading to inappropriate responses, such as raising an arm instead of sticking out the tongue.