What is a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a 10-year-old child?
Tachypnoea
Bulging fontanel
Headache
Increase in head circumference
The Correct Answer is C
A sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a 10-year-old child is a headache. Headache is a common symptom associated with increased pressure within the cranial cavity. It can be a result of various conditions that cause elevated intracranial pressure, such as brain tumours, intracranial haemorrhage, hydrocephalus, or brain trauma. The headache may be described as persistent, worsening, or accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or changes in neurological status.
tachypnoea (rapid breathing), in (option A) is incorrect because it is not a specific sign of increased intracranial pressure. It can be seen in various conditions, including respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, anxiety, or physical exertion.
bulging fontanel in (option B) is incorrect because it, is more commonly observed in infants and is not typically seen in older children. The fontanelles (soft spots) on an infant's skull normally close by the age of 18-24 months.
an increase in head circumference in (option D) is incorrect because it, may be a sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants. However, in a 10-year-old child, the fontanelles are typically closed, and head circumference growth is not a reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It causes damage to the lining of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. The characteristic symptoms of celiac disease include abdominal distention, underweight or failure to thrive, thin arms and legs, and foul-smelling stools.
intussusception in (option A) is incorrect because it, refers to a condition where a portion of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent section, causing an obstruction. While intussusception can present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and currant jelly-like stools, it is not typically associated with failure to thrive.
imperforate anus, in (option B) is incorrect because it is a congenital condition in which the opening of the anus is blocked or absent. It can cause difficulties with passing stools, but it is not typically associated with failure to thrive or the specific assessment findings described.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in (option D) is incorrect because it, is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, and bloating. While IBS can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, it is not typically associated with failure to thrive, underweight, or the specific assessment findings mentioned.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
In a teaching plan for the mother of an 11-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis, the nurse should stress the importance of coping with stress and avoiding triggers. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can be influenced by various factors, including stress and triggers. Helping the child and the family develop effective stress management strategies and identifying and avoiding triggers can help in reducing the frequency and severity of ulcerative colitis flare-ups.
preventing the spread of illness to others in (option B) is incorrect because it, is not the primary focus of teaching for ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is not an infectious condition that can be spread to others.
, nutritional guidance and supportive intake of sodas in (option C) is incorrect because it, is an important aspect of managing ulcerative colitis. However, it should be addressed in conjunction with a comprehensive nutritional plan that considers the individual needs and tolerances of the child. The mention of supportive intake of sodas may not be appropriate, as carbonated beverages can potentially aggravate symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.
teaching daily use of enemas in (option D) is incorrect because it, is not typically a part of routine care for ulcerative colitis in children. The use of enemas may be considered in specific situations or as part of an individualized treatment plan under the guidance of healthcare providers, but it is not a general teaching point for all children with ulcerative colitis.
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