What diagnostic test can be used to determine GFR as well as glomerular damage?
Renal biopsy
Routine urinalysis
Renal scan
Creatinine clearance
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason : A renal biopsy is an invasive procedure that can directly assess the extent of glomerular damage and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing the cause of abnormal GFR.
Choice B reason : Routine urinalysis can detect abnormalities in the urine but cannot quantify GFR or directly assess glomerular damage.
Choice C reason : A renal scan can evaluate renal perfusion and function but is less specific for glomerular damage compared to a biopsy.
Choice D reason : Creatinine clearance can estimate GFR but does not provide information on the specific cause of glomerular damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A PR interval of 0.04-0.20 seconds is too broad and includes values that are both below and above the normal range.
Choice B reason: A PR interval of 0.12-0.20 seconds is the established normal range for adults, reflecting proper conduction through the AV node.
Choice C reason: The PR interval being less than half the R-to-R ratio is not a standard measurement for PR intervals and does not provide a specific range.
Choice D reason: A PR interval of 0.08-0.10 seconds is below the normal range and may suggest pre-excitation or an AV nodal (junctional) rhythm.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: An embolic stroke is caused by an embolus traveling to the brain and blocking a blood vessel. The symptoms described do not specifically indicate an embolic stroke.
Choice B reason: A hemorrhagic stroke, which is bleeding within the brain, often presents with a sudden, severe headache, vomiting, and a change in consciousness, aligning with the symptoms described.
Choice C reason: A thrombotic stroke is caused by a thrombus forming in a blood vessel in the brain. While it can cause similar symptoms, the sudden severe headache is more characteristic of a hemorrhagic stroke.
Choice D reason: A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. The symptoms usually resolve within minutes to hours and do not typically include a severe headache or vomiting.
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