We know that reflux refers to the retrograde flow of bladder urine into the ureters, which of the following items are important information in the patient’s history? (Select All that Apply)
The fact that the patient is male
The fact that the patient is female.
Developmental milestones
The number of urinary tract infections the patient has had
Correct Answer : C,D
A. The fact that the patient is male
Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.
Explanation: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, can affect individuals of any gender. While gender might have some implications for certain conditions, it is not a critical factor in understanding the history of reflux.
B. The fact that the patient is female.
Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.
Explanation: Just like with the previous option, the patient's gender does not play a significant role in the history of vesicoureteral reflux. The condition can affect both males and females.
C. Developmental milestones
Correct Explanation: Developmental milestones are important in understanding the history of reflux.
Explanation: Developmental milestones are significant because VUR is more common in infants and young children. Infants and young children have a higher likelihood of developing reflux due to the immaturity of their urinary tract systems. Knowing about the patient's developmental milestones can help assess the risk and potential severity of reflux.
D. The number of urinary tract infections the patient has had
Correct Explanation: The number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is important in understanding the history of reflux.
Explanation: Repeated urinary tract infections can be a sign of vesicoureteral reflux. The backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters can contribute to UTIs. Monitoring the frequency of UTIs can provide insights into the presence and severity of reflux.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels. Since the question is about teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes, let's analyze each option:
A) Obtain an influenza vaccine annually:
This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.
B) Take glyburide with breakfast:
Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.
C) Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia:
Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.
D) Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle:
Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Allow for adjustment of rules to correlate with the child's behavior: While flexibility can be important, allowing rules to be adjusted based on behavior can lead to inconsistency and confusion for the child. Consistent rules and expectations are crucial for children with ASD, as they thrive on predictability and structure.
b. Allow for imaginative play with peers without supervision: Children with ASD may have difficulties with social interactions and imaginative play. Supervision is important to ensure that play is safe, appropriate, and supportive of social skill development. Unsupervised play might not be beneficial if it leads to misunderstandings or conflicts.
c. Provide a flexible schedule that adjusts to the child's interests: Children with ASD generally benefit from a structured and predictable schedule rather than a flexible one that changes based on their interests. Predictability helps them feel secure and reduces anxiety. A flexible schedule could lead to increased stress and difficulty in transitioning between activities.
d. Establish a reward system for positive behavior: A reward system is an effective strategy for encouraging positive behavior in children with ASD. Reinforcement of desired behaviors helps to build and maintain new skills and can provide motivation. This approach aligns well with behavioral interventions commonly used with children on the autism spectrum.
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