We know that reflux refers to the retrograde flow of bladder urine into the ureters, which of the following items are important information in the patient’s history? (Select All that Apply)
The fact that the patient is male
The fact that the patient is female.
Developmental milestones
The number of urinary tract infections the patient has had
Correct Answer : C,D
A. The fact that the patient is male
Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.
Explanation: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, can affect individuals of any gender. While gender might have some implications for certain conditions, it is not a critical factor in understanding the history of reflux.
B. The fact that the patient is female.
Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.
Explanation: Just like with the previous option, the patient's gender does not play a significant role in the history of vesicoureteral reflux. The condition can affect both males and females.
C. Developmental milestones
Correct Explanation: Developmental milestones are important in understanding the history of reflux.
Explanation: Developmental milestones are significant because VUR is more common in infants and young children. Infants and young children have a higher likelihood of developing reflux due to the immaturity of their urinary tract systems. Knowing about the patient's developmental milestones can help assess the risk and potential severity of reflux.
D. The number of urinary tract infections the patient has had
Correct Explanation: The number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is important in understanding the history of reflux.
Explanation: Repeated urinary tract infections can be a sign of vesicoureteral reflux. The backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters can contribute to UTIs. Monitoring the frequency of UTIs can provide insights into the presence and severity of reflux.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "I will continue to check his blood sugar two times every day."
Correct Explanation: This statement indicates a need for further instruction.
Explanation: A child with type 1 diabetes requires frequent blood sugar monitoring, especially during illness. Checking blood sugar only twice a day is not sufficient, especially when the child has an upper respiratory infection. Illness can impact blood sugar levels, so more frequent monitoring is necessary to ensure proper diabetes management.
B. "I will report a change in her breathing or any signs of confusion."
Incorrect Explanation: This statement shows awareness of potential complications and the need to monitor for them.
Explanation: Children with type 1 diabetes are at risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when they are sick. Changes in breathing patterns and signs of confusion are symptoms of DKA. Reporting these symptoms is important, as it could indicate a serious diabetic complication.
C. "I will encourage her to drink half a cup of water or sugar-free fluid every 30 minutes."
Incorrect Explanation: This statement demonstrates proper fluid management, especially during illness.
Explanation: Encouraging the child to stay hydrated with sugar-free fluids is essential, particularly when the child has an upper respiratory infection. Proper hydration helps prevent dehydration, which can be more concerning for a child with diabetes.
D. "I will notify the doctor if her temperature is not controlled by acetaminophen."
Incorrect Explanation: This statement shows an understanding of the importance of managing fever in a child with diabetes.
Explanation: Children with diabetes can experience difficulty managing blood sugar levels when they're sick. Fever can exacerbate this issue. Using acetaminophen to control fever is appropriate, and notifying the doctor if fever persists is a responsible action.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Kidneys are very small and irregular.
Explanation: This statement is not the primary reason for instructing caregivers about preventing kidney injury in babies or children under 2 years old. While it is true that infant and toddler kidneys are relatively smaller and have a slightly different shape compared to adult kidneys, the main concern for kidney injury prevention in this age group is related to other factors.
B) The occurrence of Hirsutism.
Explanation: Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, typically in a male pattern, in women and children. It is not directly related to kidney injury prevention in babies or children under 2 years old. Hirsutism is usually caused by hormonal imbalances and is not a primary consideration when instructing caregivers about preventing kidney injury.
C) Diaper rashes.
Explanation: Diaper rashes are skin irritations that occur in the diaper area of infants and young children. While diaper rashes can be uncomfortable and require proper care, they are not a major concern when instructing caregivers about preventing kidney injury. Diaper rashes are typically a result of prolonged exposure to moisture and can be managed with good hygiene practices and appropriate diaper-changing routines.
D) Children under two years old are more vulnerable to kidney trauma from compression force to abdomen.
Explanation: This statement is true and is the main reason for instructing caregivers about preventing kidney injury in babies or children under 2 years old. Children in this age group have relatively larger abdomens and less developed abdominal muscles, which makes their kidneys more susceptible to injury from compression forces to the abdomen. This is why caregivers are advised to handle young children carefully, avoid rough play, and ensure that they are securely fastened in car seats and other safety devices to prevent potential kidney trauma.
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