A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

Obtain an influenza vaccine annually

Take glyburide with breakfast

Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia

Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels. Since the question is about teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes, let's analyze each option:

A) Obtain an influenza vaccine annually:

This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.

B) Take glyburide with breakfast:

Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.

C) Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia:

Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.

D) Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle:

Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Can always track an object with eyes:

The ability to track an object with the eyes typically develops in infants around 2 to 3 months of age. This developmental milestone is not specific to cerebral palsy and is generally expected in healthy infants.

B. Needs support with pillow props for sitting

Explanation:

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. It is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms of cerebral palsy can vary widely, but they are generally related to motor function and coordination.

The manifestation of needing support with pillow props for sitting is consistent with the motor impairments often seen in cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy may have difficulties with muscle control and coordination, which can affect their ability to sit independently. The need for external support to maintain a sitting position is indicative of motor developmental delays or challenges associated with cerebral palsy.

C. Uses a pincer grasp to pick up a toy:

The pincer grasp, where a child uses the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, usually develops around 9 to 12 months of age. This developmental milestone is not directly associated with cerebral palsy and is part of normal infant development.

D. Smiles when a parent appears:

Smiling in response to familiar faces, including parents, is a social and emotional developmental milestone that typically occurs around 2 to 3 months of age. While cerebral palsy can affect motor function, it does not directly impact an infant's ability to express emotions like smiling.

A. Always infantize the child B. Monitor for leukémia C. Help the parents set realistic goals based on the child's age and abilities D. This illiness is only seen in males

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Always infantize the child

Incorrect Explanation: "Infantizing" a child with a growth hormone deficiency is not a relevant or appropriate approach.

Explanation: Growth hormone deficiency is a medical condition that affects a child's growth. Treating the child as an infant could potentially have negative psychological and social effects. It's important to provide appropriate support and understanding without treating the child differently due to their medical condition.

B. Monitor for leukemia

Incorrect Explanation: Monitoring for leukemia is not directly related to growth hormone deficiency.

Explanation: Growth hormone deficiency primarily affects a child's growth and development due to inadequate production of growth hormone. While there might be certain health concerns associated with the condition, monitoring for leukemia is not a common aspect of managing growth hormone deficiency.

C. Help the parents set realistic goals based on the child's age and abilities

Correct Explanation: This is an important aspect to include in teaching.

Explanation: When a child is diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency, it's crucial for parents to set realistic expectations regarding their child's growth. Growth hormone therapy can help, but it's essential to understand that the child's growth might still differ from their peers. Setting realistic goals based on the child's age and abilities can help manage expectations and provide appropriate support.

D. This illness is only seen in males

Incorrect Explanation: Growth hormone deficiency is not limited to males.

Explanation: Growth hormone deficiency can affect individuals of any gender. It is not exclusive to males. The condition results from insufficient production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland, and it can occur in both males and females.

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A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Correct Answer is B

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