A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Obtain an influenza vaccine annually
Take glyburide with breakfast
Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia
Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle
The Correct Answer is A
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels. Since the question is about teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes, let's analyze each option:
A) Obtain an influenza vaccine annually:
This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.
B) Take glyburide with breakfast:
Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.
C) Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia:
Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.
D) Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle:
Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dizziness is always a sign of a concussion.
This statement is incorrect. While dizziness can be a symptom of a concussion, it is not always indicative of a concussion. There can be various causes of dizziness, and it is essential to consider other symptoms as well when assessing for a concussion.
B. Bike Helmet Safety
Explanation:
The correct answer to include as part of concussion/head injury prevention teaching to children and parents is "Bike helmet safety." This is because wearing a helmet while riding a bike or participating in other activities that involve head injury risks is crucial to prevent head injuries and concussions. Helmets provide protection to the head by absorbing impact energy and reducing the risk of skull fractures or traumatic brain injuries.
C. Normal fluid intake.
While staying hydrated is important for overall health, it is not directly related to concussion or head injury prevention teaching. This choice is unrelated to the topic.
D. Signs of autism.
Signs of autism are unrelated to concussion or head injury prevention teaching. This choice is not relevant to the topic at hand.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Apply cool sterile soaks to the child's head.
Explanation: Applying cool sterile soaks to the child's head would not directly address periorbital edema. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that results in proteinuria (loss of protein in urine), leading to fluid accumulation and edema. Cooling the head would not have a significant impact on reducing periorbital edema caused by nephrotic syndrome.
B. Apply warm compresses.
Explanation: Correct Choice. Applying warm compresses can help increase blood circulation and promote the reabsorption of excess fluid causing periorbital edema. Warmth can dilate blood vessels and improve the movement of fluids, potentially alleviating the edema.
C. Encourage the child to eat low protein foods.
Explanation: While dietary modifications might be part of managing nephrotic syndrome, specifically encouraging low protein foods may not directly address periorbital edema. The primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome involves medications to control proteinuria and manage fluid balance.
D. Elevate the head of the bed.
Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed is more commonly used to manage conditions like heart failure or obstructive sleep apnea. It might have some impact on overall fluid distribution, but it's not the most effective measure for reducing periorbital edema caused by nephrotic syndrome.
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