The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for users of antiepileptic drugs.
Based on this report, the nurse will monitor for which potential problems with this class of drugs?

Signs of bone marrow depression

Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as strokes

Indications of drug addiction and dependency

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Signs of bone marrow depression are not typically associated with antiepileptic drugs. This adverse effect is more commonly seen with medications such as chemotherapy agents.
B.   Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors is a well-documented concern with antiepileptic drugs, particularly when used for psychiatric indications or in certain patient populations. The FDA has issued warnings regarding this risk, and healthcare providers should monitor patients for changes in mood, behavior, and suicidal ideation.
C.   While some antiepileptic drugs may have cardiovascular effects, such as prolongation of the QT interval, the FDA warning specifically highlights the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors rather than cardiovascular events like strokes.

D.   Indications of drug addiction and dependency are not typically associated with antiepileptic drugs. These medications are not central nervous system depressants and do not produce the euphoria or withdrawal symptoms characteristic of addictive substances.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic drug used to increase cardiac output in conditions such as heart failure. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose.
B. Atropine sulfate is the antidote for cholinergic drug overdose. It acts as a competitive antagonist to acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, counteracting the effects of excessive cholinergic stimulation.
C. Atenolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and certain cardiac conditions. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose.
D. Bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist used to stimulate bladder contractions in urinary retention. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose; in fact, it would exacerbate cholinergic effects.

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery. B. Carbidopa is the biologic precursor of dopamine and can penetrate into the central nervous system. C. Carbidopa allows for larger doses of levodopa to be given. D. There are concerns about drug-food interactions with levodopa therapy that do not exist with the combination therapy.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery, specifically in the gastrointestinal tract and peripheral tissues, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and be converted to dopamine. This enhances the effectiveness of levodopa therapy in managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
B. Carbidopa is not the biologic precursor of dopamine. It is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
C. Carbidopa does not directly allow for larger doses of levodopa to be given. However, by

inhibiting the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, it enhances the availability of levodopa to the central nervous system, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy.
D. While levodopa-carbidopa combination therapy may have fewer drug-food interactions compared to levodopa alone, the primary reason for combining these medications is to enhance the effectiveness of levodopa by preventing its peripheral breakdown.

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for users of antiepileptic drugs. Based on this report, the nurse will monitor for which potential problems with this class of drugs?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has had an overdose of an intravenous cholinergic drug. The nurse expects to administer which drug as an antidote?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient has been given a prescription for levodopa-carbidopa for a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The patient asks the nurse, "Why are there two drugs in this pill?" The nurse's best response reflects which fact?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for users of antiepileptic drugs.
Based on this report, the nurse will monitor for which potential problems with this class of drugs?