The three components of communication are: (Select all that apply)

To find the total amount of heparin, you need to calculate the following:

- The concentration of heparin in units per milliliter
- The volume of heparin infused from 9:00 am to 11:00 am and from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm
- The amount of heparin in units from each time period and the total amount

First, divide the amount of heparin by the volume of D5W to get the concentration in units per milliliter:

25,000 units / 250 mL = 100 units/mL

Next, multiply the infusion rate by the duration to get the volume infused in each time period:

From 9:00 am to 11:00 am (2 hours), the infusion rate is 12 mL/hr:

12 mL/hr x 2 hours = 24 mL

From 11:00 am to 2:00 pm (3 hours), the infusion rate is 10 mL/hr:

10 mL/hr x 3 hours = 30 mL

Then, multiply the volume infused by the concentration to get the amount of heparin in units in each time period:

From 9:00 am to 11:00 am, the volume infused is 24 mL:

24 mL x 100 units/mL = 2400 units

From 11:00 am to 2:00 pm, the volume infused is 30 mL:

30 mL x 100 units/mL = 3000 units

Finally, add the amounts of heparin from each time period to get the total amount:

2400 units + 3000 units = 5400 units

Therefore, the patient received **5400 units** of heparin from 9:00 am to 2:00 pm.

This statement is correct because the abdomen has a large surface area and a good blood supply, which allows for a consistent and predictable absorption of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and needs to be delivered in precise doses to avoid complications such as hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemia (high blood glucose).

The abdomen is also easy to access and has less variation in fat thickness, which reduces the risk of injecting into the muscle or the skin instead of the subcutaneous tissue. The subcutaneous tissue is the layer of fat and connective tissue below the skin and above the muscle, where insulin injections are given.

The other statements are not correct because they do not explain why the abdomen is the preferred site for subcutaneous insulin injections or they contain false information.

a.It is the least painful location for this injection. This statement is false because pain is subjective and depends on many factors, such as the type and size of the needle, the technique and speed of injection, the temperature and viscosity of the insulin, and the individual's pain tolerance and sensitivity. The abdomen may not be the least painful location for everyone, and some people may prefer other sites, such as the arms, thighs, or butocks.
b.There are fewer insulin side effects when given in this site. This statement is false because insulin side effects are not related to the site of injection, but to the dose, type, and timing of insulin, as well as the individual's response to insulin and other factors, such as diet, exercise, stress, illness, and medications. Insulin side effects may include hypoglycemia, weight gain, allergic reactions, lipodystrophy (changes in fat tissue), or edema (swelling).
c.It causes less bruising at the site. This statement is false because bruising is caused by bleeding under the skin due to damage to blood vessels during injection. Bruising can occur at any site of injection and depends on many factors, such as the type and size of the needle, the technique and speed of injection, the pressure applied after injection, the individual's clotting ability and blood thinning medications, and the presence of any underlying conditions that affect blood vessels or circulation.