The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client with psychosis who demonstrates an inability to communicate effectively. Which method should the PN use to interact with the client?

- A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all or part of the breast, usually to treat breast cancer. A mastectomy can have a significant impact on a woman's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being, as it may affect her body image, self-esteem, sexuality, and identity.
- A mastectomy incision is the wound that results from the surgery, which may vary in size, shape, and location depending on the type and extent of the mastectomy. The incision may be closed with stitches, staples, or glue, and covered with a dressing or bandage.

- The first dressing change is usually done within 24 to 48 hours after the surgery, and it involves removing the old dressing, inspecting the incision for any signs of infection or complications, cleaning the wound, applying a new dressing, and educating the client about wound care .
- When the practical nurse (PN) tells the client that her mastectomy incision is healing well, but the client refuses to look at the incision and refuses to talk about it, this may indicate that the client is experiencing denial, fear, anger, grief, or depression due to the loss of her breast. These are normal and common reactions that may occur at different stages of the recovery process.
- The best response by the PN to the client's silence is to acknowledge and respect the client's feelings, provide support and reassurance, and offer assistance when needed. This will help to establish trust and rapport with the client, as well as promote her coping and adjustment.
- Therefore, option A is the best answer, as it shows empathy and respect for the client's feelings, while also informing the client that the PN will be available when she is ready to look or talk about the mastectomy. Option A also implies that the PN will not pressure or force the client to do something that she is not comfortable with.

- Options B, C, and D are incorrect answers, as they do not show empathy or respect for the client's feelings, and they may cause more harm than good.

Choice A reason:

Requesting that the man get up and leave disregards the client's autonomy and right to privacy. It can be seen as intrusive and disrespectful, potentially causing embarrassment and distress to the client. In a long-term care facility, residents have the right to engage in consensual relationships. By asking the man to leave, the nurse would be infringing on the client's personal rights and freedoms. This action could also damage the trust and rapport between the nurse and the client, making future interactions more difficult.

Choice B reason:

Reporting the incident to the family breaches the client's confidentiality and privacy. The client has the right to engage in consensual relationships without family interference unless there are concerns about safety or capacity. Involving the family in such personal matters without the client's consent can lead to unnecessary conflict and distress. It is important for healthcare providers to respect the client's autonomy and confidentiality, ensuring that their personal choices are honored and protected.

Choice C reason:

Exiting the room and quietly closing the door respects the client's privacy and autonomy. It acknowledges their right to intimate relationships and maintains their dignity. This action demonstrates respect for the client's personal space and choices, fostering a supportive and respectful environment. By quietly exiting, the nurse avoids causing embarrassment or discomfort, allowing the client to maintain their dignity and privacy. This approach aligns with ethical principles in healthcare, emphasizing respect for the client's autonomy and personal rights.

Choice D reason:

Asking when the nurse should return interrupts the client's private moment. It can be handled more discreetly by returning later without disturbing them. This action, while less intrusive than asking the man to leave, still fails to fully respect the client's privacy. By asking when to return, the nurse is drawing attention to the situation, which can cause embarrassment and discomfort. A more respectful approach would be to quietly exit and return at a later time, ensuring that the client's privacy is maintained.