The nurse receives a client from the post-anesthesia unit with a new onset of sinus tachycardia and a heart rate of 118 beats per minute. To which reasons does the nurse relate the increased heart rate? (Select All that Apply.)

Anxiety

Sleep

Fever

Hyperglycemia

Blood loss

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Anxiety:

Anxiety can lead to an increased heart rate due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. When a person is anxious, their body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can stimulate the heart to beat faster. This increased sympathetic activity can cause sinus tachycardia, where the heart rate is faster than normal.

B. Sleep:

While sleep can affect heart rate variability, causing fluctuations in heart rate during different stages of sleep, it typically does not cause a significant and sustained increase in heart rate like sinus tachycardia. Sleep is more likely to influence heart rate patterns rather than directly cause sinus tachycardia.

C. Fever:

Fever, especially in response to infection or inflammation, can lead to an elevated heart rate. The body's response to fever includes increased metabolic activity, which can raise the heart rate as part of the physiological stress response. Fever-induced sinus tachycardia is a common finding in individuals with infections.

D. Hyperglycemia:

While hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) can have cardiovascular effects over time, such as contributing to atherosclerosis and heart disease, it is not typically a direct cause of sinus tachycardia. Sinus tachycardia is more commonly associated with acute stressors like anxiety, fever, or hypovolemia (such as from blood loss).

E. Blood loss:

Significant blood loss, such as during surgery or due to trauma, can result in hypovolemia, where there is a decrease in blood volume circulating in the body. In response to hypovolemia, compensatory mechanisms kick in, including an increase in heart rate (sinus tachycardia), to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Hypertension is the leading cause of death in people your age.": While hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality, stating it as the leading cause of death without specific context or statistical data may not provide the most informative response to the client's question.

B. "Hypertension puts you at increased risk of type 1 diabetes and cancer in your age group.": Hypertension is primarily associated with cardiovascular risks such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. While it can contribute to overall health risks, it is not typically linked directly to type 1 diabetes or cancer in the context of this client's question.

C. "Hypertension can cause you to develop dangerous blood clots in your legs that can migrate to your lungs.": While hypertension can contribute to cardiovascular complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), these are not the primary risks that are typically emphasized when discussing the importance of treating hypertension.

D. "Hypertension greatly increases your risk of stroke and heart disease.": This response is the most relevant and specific to the client's question. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, heart disease (including heart attack and heart failure), and other cardiovascular complications. By treating hypertension and controlling blood pressure within recommended targets, the client can significantly reduce the risk of these serious and potentially life-threatening conditions.

A. Sinus bradycardia B. Sinus arrhythmia C. Sinus tachycardia D. Normal sinus rhythm

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sinus bradycardia: Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. In this case, the heart rate is 64 beats per minute, which falls within the normal range, not consistent with sinus bradycardia.

B. Sinus arrhythmia: Sinus arrhythmia typically presents as a variation in the R-R interval with respiration, often seen as an irregularity in the heart rate. The provided characteristics describe a regular rhythm, so sinus arrhythmia is not the correct interpretation.

C. Sinus tachycardia: Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. The heart rate in this case is 64 beats per minute, which is not indicative of sinus tachycardia.

D. Normal sinus rhythm: Normal sinus rhythm refers to a regular rhythm with a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute, P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and normal QRS complex duration (less than 0.12 seconds). The provided characteristics, including regular P waves, regular QRS complexes, a PR interval of 0.16 seconds, and a heart rate of 64 beats per minute, align with a normal sinus rhythm interpretation.

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The nurse receives a client from the post-anesthesia unit with a new onset of sinus tachycardia and a heart rate of 118 beats per minute. To which reasons does the nurse relate the increased heart rate? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and the QRS complexes measure 0.06 seconds. The overall heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which would be a correct interpretation based on these characteristics?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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