The nurse is teaching the student nurse how to perform a physical assessment based on the child's developmental stage. Which statement accurately describes a recommended guideline for setting the tone of the examination for a school-age child?

Speak to the child using mature language and appeal to his or her desire for self-care.

Include the child in all parts of the examination: speak to the caregiver before and after the examination.

Keep up a running dialogue with the caregiver, explaining each step as you do it.

Address the child by name; speak to the caregiver and do the most invasive parts last.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Speak to the child using mature language and appeal to his or her desire for self-care. - School-age children are typically more independent and responsive to mature communication. Acknowledging their desire for self-care fosters cooperation during the examination process.

B. Include the child in all parts of the examination: speak to the caregiver before and after the examination. - While involving the child in the examination process is important, school-age children may prefer direct communication rather than primarily interacting with caregivers.

C. Keep up a running dialogue with the caregiver, explaining each step as you do it. - While

involving caregivers in the examination process is important, maintaining a dialogue primarily with them may not fully engage the child during the assessment.

D. Address the child by name; speak to the caregiver and do the most invasive parts last. - While considering the child's comfort and addressing them directly is essential, school-age children

may respond better to direct communication rather than deferring to caregivers for discussion

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Carotid artery: The carotid artery is not typically used to assess heart rate in infants due to its location and difficulty in palpation.

B. Radial artery: The radial artery is not typically used to assess heart rate in infants, especially in non-cooperative or newborn infants.

C. Apex of the heart: Assessing the heart rate by auscultating the apex of the heart with a stethoscope is the most accurate method for infants.

D. Brachial artery: The brachial artery is not typically used to assess heart rate in infants. It is commonly used to measure blood pressure.

A. Epiglottitis B. Bronchiolitis C. Influenza D. Croup

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.

B. Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and

respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.

C. Influenza

Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.

D. Croup

Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.

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The nurse is teaching the student nurse how to perform a physical assessment based on the child's developmental stage. Which statement accurately describes a recommended guideline for setting the tone of the examination for a school-age child?

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