The nurse is reviewing the client's prescriptions.

The nurse is administering medications to the client and is monitoring potential adverse effects of medications.

For each body system below, click to specify the assessment findings that could indicate a serious adverse reaction. Each body system may support more than 1 potential assessment finding. To deselect a finding. click on the finding again.

Body system	Findings
Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT)	Yellowing of the eyes Blurred vision Dry eyes
Gastrointestinal	Abdominal pain Weight gain
Hematologic	Increased bruising Increased bleeding tendency Insomnia
Genitourinary	Darkening of the urine Urinary frequency

Rationale for correct choices:

• Yellowing of the eyes: Yellowing of the sclera indicates jaundice, which can occur with hepatotoxicity caused by isoniazid, rifampin, or pyrazinamide. These medications are metabolized by the liver and can cause liver inflammation or failure. Early recognition of jaundice is critical to prevent progression to severe hepatic injury.

• Blurred vision: Ethambutol is associated with optic neuritis, which can present as blurred vision or changes in visual acuity. This adverse effect can be irreversible if not identified early. Regular visual assessment is essential during therapy. Any report of visual changes requires immediate provider notification.

• Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain may indicate liver irritation or hepatitis related to antitubercular medications. Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide commonly cause hepatotoxic effects. Abdominal discomfort, especially in the right upper quadrant, can signal worsening liver function. Prompt assessment helps prevent serious complications.

• Increased bruising: Increased bruising can indicate impaired liver synthesis of clotting factors due to hepatotoxicity. Rifampin and isoniazid may contribute to coagulation abnormalities. This finding suggests compromised hepatic function and increased bleeding risk.

• Increased bleeding tendency: A tendency to bleed reflects potential liver dysfunction affecting clotting factor production. Antitubercular therapy–related hepatotoxicity can lead to coagulopathy. This is a serious adverse reaction requiring immediate evaluation. Early detection reduces the risk of hemorrhage.

• Darkening of the urine: Dark urine can be a sign of elevated bilirubin levels from liver injury. Rifampin may also discolor urine, but when combined with other hepatic symptoms, it raises concern for hepatotoxicity. Monitoring urine color helps differentiate benign effects from serious complications. This finding warrants further liver assessment.

Rationale for incorrect choices:

• Dry eyes: Dry eyes are not associated with serious adverse reactions to tuberculosis medications. This finding does not indicate optic nerve involvement or liver toxicity. It is related to environmental or minor irritative causes.

• Weight gain: Weight gain is not a known adverse effect of first-line tuberculosis medications. In fact, weight loss is more common due to infection and medication side effects. This finding does not indicate toxicity.

• Insomnia: Although sleep disturbances may occur with illness or stress, insomnia is not a serious adverse reaction related to the prescribed medications. It does not signal organ toxicity. Other findings are more clinically significant.

• Urinary frequency: Urinary frequency is not associated with antitubercular medication toxicity. Genitourinary adverse effects typically involve urine discoloration rather than changes in frequency. This finding does not suggest a serious reaction.