The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record.

Exhibits

The nurse is assisting with the care of the client prior to a blood transfusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

A. Ask the facility chaplain to visit the client. While spiritual support can be beneficial, the nurse should first acknowledge and respect the client’s decision. Offering a chaplain visit without the client's request may not align with their personal beliefs or needs.
B. Discuss alternative treatment methods with the client. End-stage kidney disease has limited treatment options beyond dialysis or kidney transplantation. If the client has already decided to stop dialysis, discussing alternatives may not be appropriate unless the client expresses interest. The priority is to support their decision and provide comfort-focused care.
C. Tell the client she should discuss this decision with her family. While family involvement can be helpful, the decision to continue or stop dialysis is ultimately the client’s right. Encouraging discussion is appropriate, but the nurse should not imply that the client must consult others before making a personal healthcare decision.
D. Support the client's decision to stop the treatment. Autonomy is a fundamental ethical principle in nursing. Clients have the right to make their own healthcare decisions, including the choice to discontinue dialysis. The nurse should offer emotional support, provide palliative care options, and ensure the client’s comfort during the transition.

A. Completely undress the toddler. Toddlers may feel vulnerable when fully undressed. It is best to remove clothing gradually, assessing one area at a time, to promote comfort and reduce anxiety.
B. Allow the toddler to handle the equipment. Letting the toddler touch and explore medical equipment, such as a stethoscope or otoscope, helps reduce fear and increases cooperation during the examination. This approach fosters a sense of control and familiarity.
C. Thoroughly explain each procedure to the toddler. Toddlers have limited understanding and attention spans. Simple, short explanations and distraction techniques are more effective in easing anxiety than detailed explanations.
D. Start the examination with routine immunizations. Painful procedures, such as vaccinations, should be saved for the end of the visit to prevent distress and resistance that could interfere with the rest of the examination.