The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?

Fever

Weight loss

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Fever: Although fever can occur with various respiratory conditions, it is not the most specific early sign of an exacerbation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

B. Weight loss: Weight loss is a more general symptom and not specifically indicative of an exacerbation of sarcoidosis.

C. Fatigue: Fatigue is a common symptom of sarcoidosis but is not necessarily an early sign of an exacerbation.

D. Shortness of breath: Shortness of breath is a significant early indicator of exacerbation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. It reflects worsening inflammation and granuloma formation affecting lung function.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting: Shunting in ARDS affects oxygenation rather than carbon dioxide elimination. ARDS primarily results in impaired gas exchange due to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, affecting oxygen rather than CO2.

B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch: ARDS typically leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to inflammation and decreased lung compliance. The V/Q mismatch contributes to impaired gas exchange, often resulting in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure rather than decreased.

C. Hypoxemia due to dead space: In ARDS, hypoxemia is primarily due to impaired gas exchange from damaged alveoli, not due to dead space. Dead space refers to areas where ventilation occurs without adequate blood flow, which is not the main issue in ARDS.

D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness: ARDS is characterized by decreased pulmonary compliance due to the stiffness of the lung tissue caused by inflammation and edema. This decreased compliance makes lung expansion more difficult, which is a central feature of ARDS.

A. Hypothermia B. Bradycardia C. Pulse deficit D. Tachypnea

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypothermia: Pneumonia typically presents with fever rather than hypothermia. Fever is a common response to infection and inflammation.

B. Bradycardia: Pneumonia usually causes tachycardia rather than bradycardia. Tachycardia is a compensatory response to improve oxygen delivery to tissues.

C. Pulse deficit: A pulse deficit is not a common finding in pneumonia. It is more associated with conditions like atrial fibrillation.

D. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common sign of pneumonia. It reflects the body’s attempt to improve oxygenation and compensate for impaired gas exchange.

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The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?

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The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse knows that the client understands the information if the client verbalizes which early sign of exacerbation?