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A nurse is providing care to a client who has a history of asthma. The client presents with influenza symptoms that started the previous day. The provider orders an influenza test and prescribes an oral antiviral with instructions to begin the treatment as soon as possible. The client asks the nurse whether they can take the antiviral before the lab results are back. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

"No, you should wait for lab confirmation because taking antivirals for a nonviral infection can increase side effects."

"No, you should wait for lab confirmation before beginning antiviral treatment, to prevent resistant viruses."

"Yes, antiviral treatment will ensure that you are less contagious and do not spread influenza to others."

"Yes, antiviral treatments are most effective when they are started within 48 hours of symptom onset."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation because taking antivirals for a nonviral infection can increase side effects.": While unnecessary use of antivirals can lead to side effects, prompt treatment in high-risk individuals (such as those with asthma) is crucial to mitigate complications, making this response less appropriate.

B. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation before beginning antiviral treatment, to prevent resistant viruses.": Delaying treatment in high-risk populations is not recommended as antivirals are most effective early in the course of the illness. This statement does not consider the urgency of treating influenza in vulnerable clients.

C. "Yes, antiviral treatment will ensure that you are less contagious and do not spread influenza to others.": While antivirals can reduce viral shedding, this response overlooks the critical importance of early treatment in reducing the severity of the illness and preventing complications.

D. "Yes, antiviral treatments are most effective when they are started within 48 hours of symptom onset.": Antivirals are most effective when initiated within 48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms, especially in individuals with underlying conditions like asthma. Starting treatment early can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, making this the most appropriate response.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.

A. Reposition the client every 4 hr. B. Place the head of the client's bed at 40° when supine. C. Turn off the ventilator alarms before suctioning the client's airway. D. Provide mouth care every 10 to 12 hr with hydrogen peroxide.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Reposition the client every 4 hr.: Repositioning should be done more frequently, typically every 2 hours, to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers.

B. Place the head of the client's bed at 40° when supine: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45° helps reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by preventing aspiration.

C. Turn off the ventilator alarms before suctioning the client's airway: Ventilator alarms should never be turned off as they are critical for monitoring the client's status. Alarms can be temporarily silenced, but only for the duration of the procedure.

D. Provide mouth care every 10 to 12 hr with hydrogen peroxide: Mouth care should be provided more frequently, typically every 4 hours, to reduce the risk of infection. Hydrogen peroxide is not commonly used due to its potential to cause irritation and harm to oral tissues.

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Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

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Correct Answer is B

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