The nurse is evaluating the medical prescription of carvedilol 6.25 mg PO daily for a client with a history of unstable angina. Which of the following reflects that the medication's action has been effective?
Urine output 50 mL per hour
Heart rate 60 beats/minute
Heart rhythm regular
Blood pressure 120/90
The Correct Answer is B
A. While it may have some impact on kidney function indirectly through its effects on blood pressure and heart function, urine output is not the primary parameter used to assess the effectiveness of carvedilol in a patient with a history of unstable angina.
B. Carvedilol, as a beta-blocker, helps reduce heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart. In unstable angina, lowering the heart rate can reduce myocardial oxygen demand, which is beneficial in managing ischemic symptoms
C. Carvedilol primarily affects heart rate and blood pressure but doesn't directly regulate heart rhythm. However, in patients with certain cardiac conditions, like heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction after a heart attack, carvedilol can sometimes help to stabilize heart rhythm indirectly by reducing stress on the heart.
D. Carvedilol is also effective in reducing blood pressure, which is beneficial in patients with unstable angina, as it decreases the workload on the heart and the oxygen demand of the myocardium. A blood pressure reading of 120/90 is within the normal range for an adult and indicates good control of blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Pregnancy is a known risk factor for gallstone formation and cholecystitis. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, particularly increased levels of estrogen, can lead to increased cholesterol saturation in bile, decreased gallbladder emptying, and increased risk of gallstone formation.
A. Fiber helps to regulate bowel movements and may decrease cholesterol levels in bile, thereby reducing the likelihood of gallstone formation.
B. Pregnancy itself can predispose individuals to gallstone formation due to hormonal changes that increase cholesterol saturation in bile. However, normal weight gain reduces the risk of cholecystitis.
C. Certain ethnicities, including individuals of Native American, Hispanic, and African-American ancestry, have a higher prevalence of gallstones compared to other populations. However, ethnicity alone may not be a direct cause of acute cholecystitis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Large amounts of IV saline solution: This is the correct initial therapy. HHNK is characterized by severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis resulting from hyperglycemia. Therefore, the administration of large amounts of IV saline solution is essential to correct dehydration, restore intravascular volume, and improve tissue perfusion.
A. Glucagon is typically administered to treat severe hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
C. Short-acting or regular insulin is administered initially to lower blood glucose levels rapidly. Long-acting insulin formulations may be used later to maintain glycemic control once the acute phase is managed.
D. Oxygen therapy may be indicated if the client is hypoxic, but it is not the initial therapy for HHNK. The priority in HHNK is to correct dehydration and hyperglycemia through fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy, respectively.
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