The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia.
What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?

Liver failure.

Radiation injury.

Malignancy.

Hypothyroidism.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Hypercalcemia is a condition caused by having too much calcium in the blood, which can affect the function of nerves, muscles, kidneys and heart. Hypercalcemia can occur in children due to various causes, both acquired and genetic. One of the most common causes of hypercalcemia in children is cancer, especially cancers that affect the bones or produce substances that mimic parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels.

Choice A is wrong because liver failure does not directly cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption.

Choice B is wrong because radiation injury does not cause hypercalcemia, unless it damages the parathyroid glands or causes bone destruction.

Choice D is wrong because hypothyroidism does not cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect bone turnover and calcium excretion.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Oxygen cannot diffuse rapidly across the membrane to tissues in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This damage can reduce the oxygen supply to the retina and lead to vision problems.

Choice A is wrong because cells in the eye can reproduce normally, but they may not function properly due to high blood sugar levels or lack of oxygen.

Choice B is wrong because diabetic retinopathy does not affect the production of aqueous humor, which is the fluid that fills the front part of the eye.

However, diabetes can cause another eye condition called glaucoma, which is caused by increased pressure from too much aqueous humor.

Choice C is wrong because diabetic retinopathy does not affect the nerve innervations throughout the eye.

However, diabetes can cause another eye condition called diabetic neuropathy, which is caused by damage to the nerves that control eye movement and pupil dilation.

A. Decrease in serum calcium and increase in serum phosphorous. B. Increase in serum calcium and decrease in serum phosphorous. C. Increase in serum calcium and phosphorous. D. Decrease in serum calcium and phosphorous.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because teriparatide affects calcium and phosphorus metabolism in a pattern consistent with the known actions of endogenous PTH (eg, increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphorus)12.

Choice A is wrong because teriparatide does not decrease serum calcium, but increases it.

Choice C is wrong because teriparatide does not increase serum phosphorus, but decreases it.

Choice D is wrong because teriparatide does not decrease serum calcium, but increases it.

Normal ranges for serum calcium are 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL and for serum phosphorus are 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.

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The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia. What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client, newly diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, asks what caused this disorder. What is the nurse’s best response?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse administers teriparatide and evaluates the drug as effective in achieving desired effects when what is assessed?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia.
What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?