The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia.
What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?

Liver failure.

Radiation injury.

Malignancy.

Hypothyroidism.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Hypercalcemia is a condition caused by having too much calcium in the blood, which can affect the function of nerves, muscles, kidneys and heart. Hypercalcemia can occur in children due to various causes, both acquired and genetic. One of the most common causes of hypercalcemia in children is cancer, especially cancers that affect the bones or produce substances that mimic parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels.

Choice A is wrong because liver failure does not directly cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption.

Choice B is wrong because radiation injury does not cause hypercalcemia, unless it damages the parathyroid glands or causes bone destruction.

Choice D is wrong because hypothyroidism does not cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect bone turnover and calcium excretion.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because hypothyroidism can reduce the metabolism and clearance of theophylline, leading to higher serum levels and increased risk of toxicity. Therefore, when the thyroid function is restored by levothyroxine or liothyronine, the dose of theophylline may need to be lowered to avoid excessive effects.

Choice A is wrong because decreasing theophylline dosage immediately may result in suboptimal control of asthma symptoms.

The dose adjustment should be based on serum theophylline levels and clinical response.

Choice C is wrong because discontinuing the client’s theophylline may cause worsening of asthma and potentially life-threatening complications.

Theophylline is an important bronchodilator that should not be stopped abruptly without medical supervision.

Choice D is wrong because increasing theophylline dosage immediately may cause overdose and adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, tachycardia, arrhythmias, seizures and even death.

The dose of theophylline should be carefully titrated according to serum levels and clinical response.

A. Diaphoresis. B. Flushing of the face. C. Fruity breath. D. Unpredictable behaviors.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Diaphoresis means excessive sweating, which is one of the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level is lower than the normal range, which can cause dizziness, confusion, weakness, hunger, and other signs.

Choice B is wrong because flushing of the face is not a symptom of hypoglycemia.

Flushing can be caused by other conditions, such as fever, allergic reactions, or rosacea.

Choice C is wrong because fruity breath is a symptom of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar level, which can cause the body to produce ketones that give the breath a fruity odor.

Choice D is wrong because unpredictable behaviors are not a specific symptom of hypoglycemia.

However, hypoglycemia can cause confusion, irritability, or anxiety, which may affect the behavior of some people.

The normal range of blood sugar level for most people is between 70 and 130 mg/dL (3.9 and 7.2 mmol/L) before meals and less than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after meals.

However, this may vary depending on the individual and the type of diabetes.

It is important to monitor the blood sugar level regularly and treat hypoglycemia promptly by eating or drinking a simple sugar source.

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The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia. What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The client also takes theophylline to control asthma symptoms. What change may need to be made to the client’s theophylline dose?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse suspects the client with diabetes may be having a hypoglycemic reaction when what manifestation is assessed?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia.
What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?