The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a new onset of hypercalcemia.
What condition would be most likely to cause this altered serum calcium level?
Liver failure.
Radiation injury.
Malignancy.
Hypothyroidism.
The Correct Answer is C
Hypercalcemia is a condition caused by having too much calcium in the blood, which can affect the function of nerves, muscles, kidneys and heart. Hypercalcemia can occur in children due to various causes, both acquired and genetic. One of the most common causes of hypercalcemia in children is cancer, especially cancers that affect the bones or produce substances that mimic parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels.
Choice A is wrong because liver failure does not directly cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption.
Choice B is wrong because radiation injury does not cause hypercalcemia, unless it damages the parathyroid glands or causes bone destruction.
Choice D is wrong because hypothyroidism does not cause hypercalcemia, although it can affect bone turnover and calcium excretion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Oxygen cannot diffuse rapidly across the membrane to tissues in the eye. This is because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. As a result, the retina becomes ischemic (lacking oxygen) and tries to grow new blood vessels that are fragile and leaky.
Choice A is wrong because inability of cells in the eye to reproduce is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
The retina has a high metabolic rate and needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly.
Choice B is wrong because increase of aqueous humor in the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Aqueous humor is the clear fluid that fills the front part of the eye, not the retina.
An increase of aqueous humor can cause glaucoma, which is a different eye disorder that affects the optic nerve.
Choice C is wrong because decrease of nerve innervations throughout the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Nerve innervations are the connections between nerves and other tissues, such as muscles or glands.
Diabetic retinopathy affects the blood vessels, not the nerves, of the retina.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Propylthiouracil (PTU) is an antithyroid drug that blocks the synthesis of thyroid hormones by interfering with the oxidation of iodine and the coupling of iodotyrosines.
This reduces the levels of triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) in the blood and relieves the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Choice A is wrong because PTU does not destroy any part of the thyroid gland.
It only inhibits the production of thyroid hormones within the gland.
Choice B is wrong because PTU does not suppress the anterior pituitary gland’s secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
TSH is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
PTU does not affect the feedback loop between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid glands.
Choice D is wrong because PTU does not suppress the hypothalamus’s production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
TRH is a hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete TSH.
PTU does not affect the feedback loop between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid glands.
Normal ranges for T are 80 to 220 ng/dL, for T are 4.5 to 11.2 mcg/dL, and for TSH are 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L.
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