A client with peptic ulcer disease is experiencing fewer symptoms because of the suppression of hydrochloric acid secretion into the lumen of the stomach.
What category of medication is this client most likely receiving?
Proton pump inhibitor.
Histamine-2 antagonist.
Prostaglandin.
Antipeptic agent.
The Correct Answer is A
This is because proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs that block the enzyme that produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach, thereby reducing the amount of acid secreted into the lumen. PPIs are commonly used to treat peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Choice B. Histamine-2 antagonist is wrong because histamine-2 antagonists (H blockers) are drugs that block the action of histamine on the parietal cells of the stomach, thereby reducing the amount of acid secreted into the lumen.
However, PPIs are more potent and effective than H blockers in suppressing acid secretion.
Choice C. Prostaglandin is wrong because prostaglandins are substances that protect the stomach lining from the damaging effects of acid and other factors.
Prostaglandins do not directly affect the secretion of acid into the lumen, but they may increase the production of mucus and bicarbonate that buffer the acid.
Choice D. Antipeptic agent is wrong because antipeptic agents are drugs that form a protective barrier over the ulcer crater, preventing further damage from acid and pepsin.
Antipeptic agents do not affect the secretion of acid into the lumen, but they may enhance healing by creating a favorable environment for tissue repair.
Normal ranges for hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach are 1.5 to 3.5 liters per day, with a pH of 1.5 to 3.53.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
800 mg PO at bedtime is an appropriate dosage and frequency of cimetidine for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Cimetidine is a histamine H antagonist that reduces the secretion of gastric acid.
Choice B is wrong because 150 mg PO b.i.d. is too low of a dose for cimetidine. The usual adult dose for duodenal ulcer is 800 mg PO once a day at bedtime or 300 mg PO four times a day.
Choice C is wrong because 20 mg PO b.i.d. is not a valid dose for cimetidine.
The lowest available tablet strength is 100 mg.
Choice D is wrong because 300 mg PO at bedtime is also too low of a dose for cimetidine.
The usual adult dose for gastric ulcer is 800 mg PO once a day at bedtime or 300 mg PO four times a day.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps thin and loosen mucus in the lungs, making it easier to cough up the sputum. Some possible explanations for the other choices are:
Choice A. Benzonatate is wrong because benzonatate is an antitussive that suppresses the cough reflex by numbing the throat and lungs.
It does not help with sputum production or clearance.
Choice B. Dextromethorphan is wrong because dextromethorphan is also an antitussive that acts on the brain to reduce the urge to cough.
It does not affect the mucus or bronchial secretions.
Choice C. Hydrocodone is wrong because hydrocodone is a narcotic antitussive that works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking pain signals and decreasing cough.
It can cause sedation, respiratory depression, and dependence, and is not indicated for bronchitis.
Normal ranges for sputum production vary depending on the individual and the cause of the cough, but generally range from 10 to 100 mL per day.
Excessive or abnormal sputum may indicate an infection, inflammation, or obstruction of the airways.
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