The nurse is caring for a patient who was given a new medical prescription for phenytoin. What would the nurse stress in the discharge instructions regarding this medication?
"Use a cane or walker when you begin to have difficulty walking."
"Adjust the dose depending upon observed seizure activity."
"You will need to have blood levels drawn annually."
"Be sure to have regular visits to the dentist."
The Correct Answer is D
A. While using a cane or walker may be necessary for some patients experiencing balance issues, it is not a specific instruction related to phenytoin.
B. Phenytoin dosages should not be adjusted solely based on observed seizure activity; the dose must be managed carefully based on serum drug levels and the clinician's guidance.
C. Patients on phenytoin typically require more frequent monitoring of blood levels (every 2-3 months initially) rather than annually, as maintaining therapeutic levels is essential to avoid toxicity or ineffective seizure control.
D. Regular dental visits are crucial for patients taking phenytoin because the medication can cause gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue), which necessitates careful dental hygiene and regular monitoring by a dentist to prevent complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A patient found facedown in water is at high risk of anoxic brain injury due to potential prolonged oxygen deprivation, which is directly associated with lack of oxygen to the brain.
B. Multiple concussions can lead to other types of brain injury but are less associated with anoxic injury than prolonged oxygen deprivation.
C. A basilar skull fracture can cause complications such as CSF leaks but does not directly cause an anoxic brain injury.
D. An epidural hematoma may increase ICP, but with timely intervention, anoxic injury may be avoided; anoxic brain injury is more directly related to oxygen deprivation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While drug dependence can be a concern with long-term use, it is not the immediate priority in an emergency setting where the goal is to stabilize the patient in status epilepticus.
B. Cardiac rhythm monitoring is important when administering certain medications, but lorazepam primarily affects the central nervous system and respiratory system, making oxygen saturation monitoring more critical.
C. Pulse oximetry is the priority assessment as IV lorazepam can depress the respiratory system, leading to hypoxia. Monitoring oxygen saturation helps ensure the patient maintains adequate respiratory function during administration.
D. Assessing pain is important in patient care, but it is not the priority in managing a patient in status epilepticus, where stabilization is essential.
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