A nurse is assigned a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which type of precaution should be used when providing direct care?

Standard

Droplet

Contact

Behavioral

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Standard precautions should be used for all patients, including those with AIDS, as they are designed to prevent the transmission of infections regardless of the patient's diagnosis. This includes the use of gloves, hand hygiene, and proper disposal of sharps.

B. Droplet precautions are specific to diseases that are spread through respiratory droplets, which is not the primary concern in AIDS management.

C. Contact precautions are used for infections that can be transmitted through direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces, but are not routinely required for AIDS patients unless they have co-infections.

D. Behavioral precautions are not a recognized category for infection control in clinical settings.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Penicillins are generally safe but are not specific for ototoxicity considerations.

B. Aminoglycosides are avoided in cases of tympanic membrane rupture due to their ototoxic potential, which can lead to hearing loss.

C. Fluoroquinolones, particularly those formulated for otic use, are preferred for tympanic membrane ruptures as they are not ototoxic and are safe for middle ear exposure.

D. Cephalosporins are not typically ototoxic but are less commonly used for tympanic membrane ruptures compared to fluoroquinolones.

A. Establish IV access and bolus 250 mL normal saline B. Assess for bladder distension and perform digital disimpaction C. Reschedule the therapy session for later in the day D. Lower the head of the bed and obtain vital signs

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Establishing IV access may be necessary if hypotension persists but is not the initial priority.

B. Bladder distension assessment is essential for managing autonomic dysreflexia in SCI patients; however, symptoms here suggest orthostatic hypotension rather than autonomic dysreflexia.

C. Rescheduling therapy may be considered if dizziness persists, but it does not address the immediate concern.

D. Lowering the head of the bed and obtaining vital signs can help stabilize blood pressure and monitor for orthostatic hypotension, which is common in patients with SCI due to autonomic dysfunction. This intervention helps to prevent syncope.

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ABG Value	Normal Range
pH	7.35- 7.45
PaCO2	35-45 mm Hg
HCO3	22-25 mEq/L
Base excess	-2 to +2
PaO2	80-95 mm Hg
SaO2	>95%

A nurse is assigned a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which type of precaution should be used when providing direct care?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse anticipates which antibiotic class, due to the lack of ototoxicity, will be ordered for a patient diagnosed with tympanic membrane rupture?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) who is about to be transferred to a wheelchair for Physical Therapy. The patient complains of feeling dizzy and is diaphoretic. What would be the priority nursing action?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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