A nurse is assigned a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which type of precaution should be used when providing direct care?

Standard

Droplet

Contact

Behavioral

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Standard precautions should be used for all patients, including those with AIDS, as they are designed to prevent the transmission of infections regardless of the patient's diagnosis. This includes the use of gloves, hand hygiene, and proper disposal of sharps.

B. Droplet precautions are specific to diseases that are spread through respiratory droplets, which is not the primary concern in AIDS management.

C. Contact precautions are used for infections that can be transmitted through direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces, but are not routinely required for AIDS patients unless they have co-infections.

D. Behavioral precautions are not a recognized category for infection control in clinical settings.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A hearing test does not address the infection symptoms and would not be the priority.

B. Obtaining a culture of the drainage is necessary to identify any infection and guide appropriate antibiotic treatment.

C. Removing a foreign body may not be relevant and could worsen infection symptoms if not necessary.

D. A CT scan may be needed if further complications are suspected, but it is not the priority for infection symptoms.

A. "Use a cane or walker when you begin to have difficulty walking." B. "Adjust the dose depending upon observed seizure activity." C. "You will need to have blood levels drawn annually." D. "Be sure to have regular visits to the dentist."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While using a cane or walker may be necessary for some patients experiencing balance issues, it is not a specific instruction related to phenytoin.

B. Phenytoin dosages should not be adjusted solely based on observed seizure activity; the dose must be managed carefully based on serum drug levels and the clinician's guidance.

C. Patients on phenytoin typically require more frequent monitoring of blood levels (every 2-3 months initially) rather than annually, as maintaining therapeutic levels is essential to avoid toxicity or ineffective seizure control.

D. Regular dental visits are crucial for patients taking phenytoin because the medication can cause gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue), which necessitates careful dental hygiene and regular monitoring by a dentist to prevent complications.

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A nurse is assigned a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which type of precaution should be used when providing direct care?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a patient with a cochlear implant and notices that there is drainage, swelling, and tenderness behind the ear with the implant. What is the priority nursing intervention?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient who was given a new medical prescription for phenytoin. What would the nurse stress in the discharge instructions regarding this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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