The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery

A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid

A patient with UTI on po iv meds

A patient with congestive heart failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery: This is the most acute and severe form of hypovolemia due to significant blood loss, requiring immediate fluid replacement and hemodynamic monitoring.

B. A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid: This patient is at risk for hypervolemia, not hypovolemia, due to fluid overload.

C. A patient with UTI on PO meds: While dehydration may occur, it is typically mild and does not cause hypovolemia.

D. A patient with congestive heart failure: CHF usually leads to fluid retention, making hypovolemia unlikely unless there are other complicating factors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hematocrit 45% (37% to 52%): This value is within the normal range for hematocrit. Dehydration may increase the hematocrit due to a relative increase in red blood cell concentration, but 45% is still within normal limits.

B. Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL (0.5-1.2 mg/dL): This value is within the normal range for creatinine, indicating normal kidney function.

C. BUN 25 mg/dL (10-20 mg/dL): An elevated BUN level is a sign of dehydration as it reflects increased protein breakdown and decreased renal perfusion. This value is above the normal range and should be reported to the provider.

D. Urine specific gravity 1.028 (1.005 to 1.030): This value is within the normal range and indicates that the kidneys are concentrating urine, which is typical in dehydration as the body tries to conserve water.

A. Peripheral pulses +1 B. Urine output 200 mL/4 hr C. Urine specific gravity 1.04 (1.005 to 1.030) D. Heart rate 104/min

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Peripheral pulses +1: Weak peripheral pulses indicate continued hypovolemia or dehydration. Effectiveness would be reflected in stronger pulses.

B. Urine output 200 mL/4 hr: Adequate urine output (≥30 mL/hr) indicates improved kidney perfusion and hydration status, suggesting effective treatment.

C. Urine specific gravity 1.04: This value is elevated, indicating continued dehydration; effective hydration would reduce this value to the normal range of 1.005-1.030.

D. Heart rate 104/min: Tachycardia is a compensatory response to dehydration. Improvement would manifest as a normalized heart rate (60-100 bpm).

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The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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