The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery

A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid

A patient with UTI on po iv meds

A patient with congestive heart failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery: This is the most acute and severe form of hypovolemia due to significant blood loss, requiring immediate fluid replacement and hemodynamic monitoring.

B. A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid: This patient is at risk for hypervolemia, not hypovolemia, due to fluid overload.

C. A patient with UTI on PO meds: While dehydration may occur, it is typically mild and does not cause hypovolemia.

D. A patient with congestive heart failure: CHF usually leads to fluid retention, making hypovolemia unlikely unless there are other complicating factors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hematoma: A hematoma typically results from bleeding into the tissue, causing swelling and bruising at the infusion site, but it doesn't usually cause warmth or pain in the same way as phlebitis.

B. Phlebitis: Phlebitis is inflammation of the vein, commonly caused by an IV catheter or medication, and it often presents with redness, warmth, pain, and swelling at the infusion site. It is the most likely complication here.

C. Speed Shock: Speed shock occurs when a medication or fluid is administered too rapidly, causing symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, and hypotension, not localized symptoms like redness and pain at the infusion site.

D. Thrombosis: Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a vein, which can cause swelling, warmth, and discomfort but would also likely involve more significant blockage and would be associated with reduced blood flow, not just localized redness and pain.

A. Weak pulse B. Distended neck veins C. Bradycardia D. Pitting Edema

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Weak pulse: Isotonic fluid-volume deficit results in decreased blood volume, leading to reduced cardiac output and a weak, thready pulse.

B. Distended neck veins: This is associated with fluid volume excess, not deficit.

C. Bradycardia: Fluid deficit typically leads to tachycardia as the body compensates for decreased circulating volume.

D. Pitting edema: This is a sign of fluid overload rather than deficit.

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The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

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