The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia who now develops initial signs of septic shock and multi-organ failure. The healthcare provider prescribes a sepsis protocol. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

Keep head of bed raised 45 degrees.

Monitor blood glucose level.

Maintain strict intake and output.

Assess warmth of extremities.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Raising the head of the bed can help improve lung expansion and reduce aspiration risk, which is beneficial for a client with pneumonia. However, while this intervention supports respiratory function, it does not directly address the systemic perfusion and organ failure risks associated with septic shock. Therefore, it is not the highest priority intervention in a sepsis protocol.
B.   Blood glucose monitoring is important in sepsis because stress-induced hyperglycemia is common and uncontrolled glucose can worsen outcomes. However, this intervention is supportive rather than critical in the early management of septic shock and does not take priority over interventions that directly evaluate perfusion and organ function.
C.   Strict intake and output monitoring is essential in septic shock because it provides immediate information about renal perfusion and fluid balance. Septic shock causes widespread vasodilation and capillary leak, leading to decreased organ perfusion and acute kidney injury. Urine output is a key indicator of organ function and response to fluid resuscitation, making this intervention a core component of sepsis management.
D.   Assessing extremity warmth helps evaluate peripheral perfusion and can indicate early versus late septic shock. While this is a useful assessment, it is less critical than objective measures such as urine output that directly reflect organ perfusion and guide treatment decisions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Not taking diabetes medication when feeling sick could lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels.
B. Having rapid-acting glucose readily available indicates understanding of the importance of managing hypoglycemic episodes.
C. While important, obtaining an A1C test annually is not directly related to managing acute hyperglycemia.
D. Using salt, herbs, and spices does not directly address blood glucose control.

A. Find outlets for more social interaction. B. Think about reasons the episodes occur. C. Practice using muscle relaxation techniques. D. Center attention on positive upbeat music.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Social interaction can help, but it is not the most effective immediate strategy for managing anxiety.
B. Reflecting on the reasons for anxiety is useful for long-term management but not for immediate relief.
C. Muscle relaxation techniques are an effective and immediate method for reducing anxiety symptoms.
D. Listening to music can help but is less effective than targeted relaxation techniques.

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The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia who now develops initial signs of septic shock and multi-organ failure. The healthcare provider prescribes a sepsis protocol. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing teaching to a client admitted with a blood glucose level of 580 mg/dL (32.2 mmol/L) about preventing complications related to diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates understanding? Reference Range: Glucose [74 to 106 mg/dL (4.1 to 5.9 mmol/L)]

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to a client who experiences recurrent levels of moderate anxiety to situations and perceived stress. In addition to information about prescribed medication and administration, which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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