The nurse is caring for a client experiencing sympathetic nervous system stimulation. What assessment finding supports this diagnosis? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

Increased heart rate

Decrease in urinary bladder muscle tone

Increased blood pressure

Decreased salivation

Decreased bowel sounds

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C

A.   Increased heart rate: Sympathetic nervous system stimulation typically leads to increased heart rate as part of the "fight or flight" response.
B.   Decrease in urinary bladder muscle tone: Sympathetic stimulation would typically cause relaxation of the urinary bladder, leading to increased muscle tone.
C.   Increased blood pressure: Sympathetic nervous system activation results in vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output, leading to elevated blood pressure.
D.   Decreased salivation: Sympathetic stimulation can lead to decreased salivation as part of the "fight or flight" response, but it's not a consistent finding.
E.   Decreased bowel sounds: Sympathetic activation can inhibit gastrointestinal motility, leading to decreased bowel sounds, but it's not a universal finding in sympathetic stimulation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Take the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia: This instruction is not directly

related to minimizing anticholinergic effects; it's more about managing the timing of medication administration.
B. Use cooling measures to decrease fever: Anticholinergic effects do not typically cause fever, so this instruction is not relevant.
C. Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth: Anticholinergic medications can cause dry mouth (xerostomia), and chewing gum can stimulate saliva production, alleviating this side effect.
D. Take an antacid to relieve nausea: Anticholinergic effects can include nausea, but taking an antacid is not a specific strategy for managing this side effect.

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery. B. Carbidopa is the biologic precursor of dopamine and can penetrate into the central nervous system. C. Carbidopa allows for larger doses of levodopa to be given. D. There are concerns about drug-food interactions with levodopa therapy that do not exist with the combination therapy.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery, specifically in the gastrointestinal tract and peripheral tissues, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and be converted to dopamine. This enhances the effectiveness of levodopa therapy in managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
B. Carbidopa is not the biologic precursor of dopamine. It is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
C. Carbidopa does not directly allow for larger doses of levodopa to be given. However, by

inhibiting the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, it enhances the availability of levodopa to the central nervous system, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy.
D. While levodopa-carbidopa combination therapy may have fewer drug-food interactions compared to levodopa alone, the primary reason for combining these medications is to enhance the effectiveness of levodopa by preventing its peripheral breakdown.

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The nurse is caring for a client experiencing sympathetic nervous system stimulation. What assessment finding supports this diagnosis? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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