The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?

An influenza vaccine.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic.

A bronchodilator.

A corticosteroid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This is because people with COPD are more likely to catch respiratory infections such as colds, flu and pneumonia, which can worsen their symptoms and cause further lung damage. An influenza vaccine can help prevent flu and reduce the risk of complications.

Choice B. A broad-spectrum antibiotic is wrong because antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Antibiotics are usually prescribed for COPD exacerbations caused by bacterial infections, but not for prevention.

Choice C. A bronchodilator is wrong because bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways and make breathing easier. They are used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections.

Choice D. A corticosteroid is wrong because corticosteroids are anti inflammatory drugs that reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. They are also used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections. In fact, long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of infections by suppressing the immune system.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is because the cognitive domain of learning involves knowledge and understanding of information. By stating 3 ways to avoid his triggers, the patient demonstrates that he has learned and comprehended the information about prevention of inflammation.

Choice A is wrong because it belongs to the psychomotor domain of learning, which reflects learning behavior achieved through neuromuscular motor activities. Checking blood sugar is a physical skill, not a cognitive one.

Choice B is wrong because it belongs to the affective domain of learning, which characterizes the emotional arena reflected by learners’ beliefs, values and interests.

Discussing feelings about dietary changes is an affective outcome, not a cognitive one.

Choice D is wrong because it also belongs to the psychomotor domain of learning, as it involves demonstrating proper use of inhaler, which is another physical skill.

A. One of the highest levels of evidence are randomized, controlled, double-blind studies. B. Ideas, editorials, and opinions are highly valued in determining EBP. C. The purpose of the hierarchy of evidence is to help the nurse compare patient values with research findings. D. All forms of evidence should be considered equally when.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

One of the highest levels of evidence are randomized, controlled, double-blind studies. This is because these studies reduce the risk of bias and confounding factors by randomly assigning participants to intervention or control groups, blinding the participants and researchers to the group allocation, and using a placebo or standard treatment as a comparison.

Choice B is wrong because ideas, editorials, and opinions are considered low levels of evidence as they are based on personal views and not on rigorous research methods.

Choice C is wrong because the purpose of the hierarchy of evidence is to help the nurse evaluate the quality and strength of the research findings, not to compare patient values with research findings.

Patient values are important for evidence-based practice, but they are not part of the hierarchy of evidence.

Choice D is wrong because all forms of evidence should not be considered equally when determining evidence-based practice. The hierarchy of evidence ranks different types of research designs according to their validity and applicability, and the nurse should use the highest level of evidence available for their clinical question.

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The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is utilizing the cognitive domain of learning to teach a patient about the prevention of inflammation. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A charge nurse is discussing evidence-based practice (EBP) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include when discussing the hierarchy of evidence?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?