The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?

An influenza vaccine.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic.

A bronchodilator.

A corticosteroid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This is because people with COPD are more likely to catch respiratory infections such as colds, flu and pneumonia, which can worsen their symptoms and cause further lung damage. An influenza vaccine can help prevent flu and reduce the risk of complications.

Choice B. A broad-spectrum antibiotic is wrong because antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Antibiotics are usually prescribed for COPD exacerbations caused by bacterial infections, but not for prevention.

Choice C. A bronchodilator is wrong because bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways and make breathing easier. They are used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections.

Choice D. A corticosteroid is wrong because corticosteroids are anti inflammatory drugs that reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. They are also used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections. In fact, long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of infections by suppressing the immune system.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

These are some of the criteria used to assist in making the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2015 report.

Choice B is wrong because recent exposure to influenza is not a criterion for CFS diagnosis. Although some cases of CFS may be triggered by viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus or human herpes virus 6, there is no specific evidence that influenza causes CFS.

Choice A is correct because CFS is not caused by a primary condition. CFS is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that other possible causes of fatigue, such as sleep disorders, anemia, diabetes, thyroid problems, or mental health issues, must be ruled out before making the diagnosis.

Choice C is correct because unrefreshing sleep is one of the required symptoms for CFS diagnosis. Patients with CFS may not feel better or less tired even after a full night of sleep despite the absence of specific objective sleep alterations. Choice D is correct because fatigue that is not relieved by stress reduction is another required symptom for CFS diagnosis. Patients with CFS experience post-exertional malaise (PEM), which means that their symptoms worsen after physical, mental, or emotional exertion that would not have caused a problem before the illness.

Choice E is correct because severe tiredness for 2 months or more is one of the additional manifestations that must be present for CFS diagnosis. The IOM 2015 report states that the fatigue associated with CFS must last for more than 6 months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity.

A. Maintain a regular sleep routine. B. Eat 3 large meals a day. C. Limit refined sugar, fried foods, and processed foods. D. Take daily walks. E. Take more coffee.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A is correct because maintaining a regular sleep routine can help regulate your circadian rhythm, which is your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. This can improve the quality and quantity of your sleep and reduce daytime sleepiness.

Choice B is wrong because eating three large meals a day can cause fluctuations in your blood sugar levels, which can affect your energy levels. It is better to eat smaller, more frequent meals and snacks that contain a balance of protein and carbohydrates to keep your blood sugar stable and provide sustained energy. Choice C is correct because limiting refined sugar, fried foods and processed foods can help prevent fatigue by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in your body.

These foods can also cause spikes and crashes in your blood sugar levels, which can make you feel tired and hungry. Instead, you should eat more anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and fish.

Choice D is correct because taking daily walks can help prevent fatigue by increasing your blood circulation, oxygen delivery and endorphin production. Exercise can also improve your mood, sleep quality and immune system.

Choice E is wrong because increasing caffeine intake can have the opposite effect of preventing fatigue.

Caffeine is a stimulant that can temporarily boost your energy levels, but it can also disrupt your sleep, cause dehydration, increase anxiety and lead to withdrawal symptoms

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The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. Which of the following criteria were used to assist in making this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient who has complaints of fatigue. If the fatigue is caused by lifestyle choices, what should the nurse recommend for fatigue prevention? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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A charge nurse is discussing evidence-based practice (EBP) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include when discussing the hierarchy of evidence?

The nurse includes which of the following as an appropriately constructed goal statement for the client with COPD?

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles. The nurse should include that working to not cause harm to a client, while trying to achieve the best possible outcome, is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

The nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Which medication does the nurse anticipate to decrease this client’s risk for developing a respiratory infection?