A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles.
The nurse should include that working to not cause harm to a client, while trying to achieve the best possible outcome, is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
Nonmaleficence.
Fidelity.
Justice.
Autonomy.
The Correct Answer is A
Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm or preventing harm to a client. It is based on the Hippocratic oath of “primum non nocere” or “first, do no harm”. It means that the nurse should act in the best interest of the client and avoid any actions that could cause injury or suffering.
Choice B. Fidelity is the ethical principle of being faithful and loyal to a client.
It means that the nurse should keep promises, respect confidentiality, and maintain trust.
Choice C. Justice is the ethical principle of treating clients fairly and equally.
It means that the nurse should distribute resources and services based on the client’s needs and not on personal biases.
Choice D. Autonomy is the ethical principle of respecting a client’s right to make their own decisions.
It means that the nurse should inform the client of their options and support their choices, as long as they do not harm others.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This demonstrates advocacy for client rights because it respects the client’s autonomy, dignity, and preferences. It also helps the client to make informed decisions about their own health.
Choice B is wrong because telling the client that refusal of the medication is considered noncompliance is coercive and violates the client’s right to refuse treatment.
It also does not address the client’s reasons for refusing the medication or provide any information or education.
Choice C is wrong because informing the client that the medication is the same as taken at home is not enough to ensure that the client understands the purpose, benefits, and risks of the medication.
It also does not verify that the client is taking the medication correctly at home or that there are no changes in the dosage or frequency.
Choice D is wrong because insisting the client takes the prescribed medications is also coercive and violates the client’s right to refuse treatment.
It also does not respect the client’s autonomy, dignity, and preferences.
It may also cause harm to the client if they have an allergy, intolerance, or contraindication to the medication.
Advocacy for nursing stems from a philosophy of nursing in which nursing practice is the support of an individual to promote his or her own well-being, as understood by that individual. It is an ethic of practice that requires nurses to protect and uphold their patients’ rights, values, and interests.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice B is wrong because laying down for 1 hour after meals can increase the pressure on the diaphragm and make breathing more difficult. It can also increase the risk of aspiration and reflux.
Choice C is wrong because restricting the client’s fluid intake to less than 1 L/day can lead to dehydration and thickening of secretions, which can obstruct the airways and impair gas exchange. Fluid intake should be adequate to maintain hydration and thin secretions.
Choice D is wrong because using the upper chest for respiration is a sign of inefficient breathing and respiratory distress.
It can increase the oxygen demand and cause fatigue. The client should be encouraged to use the diaphragm and abdominal muscles for respiration, which are more efficient and reduce the work of breathing.
Normal ranges for oxygen saturation are 95% to 100%, for arterial blood gas pH are 7.35 to 7.45, for PaCO2 are 35 to 45 mmHg, for PaO2 are 80 to 100 mmHg, and for HCO3 are 22 to 26 mEq/L.
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