The nurse is assessing the patient’s medication list. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of heart failure? (Select all that apply)

Aspirin

Lisinopril

Insulin Glargine

Furosemide (Lasix)

Metoprolol

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Choice A reason: Aspirin prevents thrombosis in coronary disease, not a primary heart failure treatment. It reduces ischemic risk but doesn’t address fluid overload or cardiac workload, lacking direct symptom relief in heart failure management.

Choice B reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces afterload and preload by vasodilation, easing heart strain. It manages heart failure symptoms like dyspnea by improving cardiac output, a cornerstone therapy for pump dysfunction.

Choice C reason: Insulin Glargine controls diabetes, not heart failure symptoms. It manages glucose, indirectly benefiting cardiovascular health, but doesn’t relieve congestion or improve hemodynamics, making it irrelevant to direct symptom management.

Choice D reason: Furosemide, a diuretic, reduces fluid overload in heart failure, alleviating dyspnea and edema. It lowers preload by increasing urine output, directly targeting congestion, a key symptom, in evidence-based practice.

Choice E reason: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, slows heart rate, reducing myocardial demand in heart failure. It improves ejection fraction and symptoms like fatigue, a standard therapy for stabilizing cardiac function long-term.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Restricting fluids to 2 liters per day increases blood viscosity in sickle cell disease, promoting sickling and vaso-occlusion. Adequate hydration is critical to dilute hemoglobin S, so this instruction contradicts evidence-based management for crisis prevention.

Choice B reason: Iron supplements are contraindicated in sickle cell disease unless anemia is iron-deficient, which is rare. Most patients have normal or high iron from hemolysis, so a multivitamin with iron risks overload and organ damage.

Choice C reason: Avoiding caffeine lacks evidence in sickle cell crisis prevention; it’s not a trigger. Moderate intake doesn’t dehydrate significantly or affect sickling, making this instruction irrelevant to discharge teaching for this condition.

Choice D reason: Limiting crowd exposure reduces infection risk, a common sickle cell crisis trigger. Infections cause inflammation and hypoxia, promoting sickling, so this instruction aligns with preventing complications and maintaining patient stability post-discharge.

A. Blood glucose level of 122 mg/dL (Normal 70-110 mg/dL) B. Serum hemoglobin of 14.7 g/dL (Normal 12-18 g/dL) C. Serum potassium of 4.5 mEq/L (Normal 3.5-5.0 mEq/L) D. Serum creatinine of 2.8 mg/dL (normal 0.5-1.2 mg/dL)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Glucose of 122 mg/dL is mildly elevated, suggesting prediabetes, but not urgent in hypertension. It’s a chronic risk factor, less critical than renal function for immediate provider attention.

Choice B reason: Hemoglobin of 14.7 g/dL is normal (12-18 g/dL), requiring no action in hypertension. It reflects oxygen capacity, not directly tied to blood pressure or acute complications needing reporting.

Choice C reason: Potassium of 4.5 mEq/L is normal (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), not concerning in hypertension. It’s relevant with medications, but this value alone doesn’t warrant immediate communication to the provider.

Choice D reason: Creatinine of 2.8 mg/dL (normal 0.5-1.2 mg/dL) indicates renal impairment, critical in hypertension. It suggests kidney damage from pressure, needing urgent reporting to adjust treatment and prevent progression.

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The nurse is assessing the patient’s medication list. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of heart failure? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

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