The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which manifestations would the nurse expect to see that are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

Bradykinesia, hand tremors, and memory loss

Ascending paralysis beginning in the lower extremities and dysphagia

Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems

Choreiform movements and loss of facial expression

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bradykinesia, hand tremors, and memory loss are more characteristic of Parkinson's disease, not multiple sclerosis.
B. Ascending paralysis beginning in the lower extremities and dysphagia are typical of Guillain-Barré syndrome, not multiple sclerosis. MS does not usually present with paralysis but rather with muscle weakness and sensory disturbances.
C. Early signs of multiple sclerosis often include areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, and visual problems such as optic neuritis. These symptoms result from demyelination and nerve damage in the central nervous system.
D. Choreiform movements and loss of facial expression are associated with Huntington's disease, not multiple sclerosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Using a portable electronic thermometer is incorrect as the device must be dedicated to the client to avoid cross-contamination.
B. Wiping the stethoscope with alcohol after use is insufficient because alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective against C. difficile spores. The stethoscope should be cleaned with bleach-based disinfectant.
C. Removing the protective gown before leaving the client's room is correct as it prevents the spread of C. difficile spores outside the isolation area.
D. Removing the protective gown before removing gloves is incorrect. Gloves should be removed first to prevent contamination when removing the gown.

A. Administer desmopressin acetate 0.2 mg orally B. Maintain an intravenous (IV) infusion of 0.45% sodium chloride C. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day D. Provide a diet containing 2 g of sodium per day

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Desmopressin acetate is used to treat diabetes insipidus, not SIADH. In SIADH, there is excessive antidiuretic hormone causing fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia, so this medication would not be appropriate.
B. Maintaining an IV infusion of 0.45% sodium chloride is not appropriate for SIADH, as this solution can further dilute sodium levels. Treatment usually involves hypertonic saline or fluid restriction.
C. Restricting fluid intake is a key management strategy for SIADH to address the fluid overload and help correct the low sodium levels. This action directly targets the root cause of the hyponatremia by reducing fluid intake.
D. Providing a diet with 2 g of sodium per day may not be sufficient or appropriate for treating SIADH-related hyponatremia. Fluid restriction is more critical in managing this condition.

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The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which manifestations would the nurse expect to see that are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of Clostridium difficile and is placed on contact precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which manifestations would the nurse expect to see that are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?