The nurse is assessing a client who has been experiencing prolonged stress. For which most serious complication should the nurse monitor the client?

A. One of the primary purposes of inserting an NG tube is to decompress the stomach by removing gastric contents. In the case of abdominal distention and severe vomiting, excess gas and fluid accumulation in the stomach can contribute to discomfort and further vomiting. The NG tube provides a way to suction out these contents, relieving pressure and reducing symptoms.
B. NG tubes can also be used to administer medications directly into the stomach. This route is particularly useful when a client is unable to take medications orally due to vomiting or other gastrointestinal issues. Medications can be crushed and dissolved in liquid form before being administered through the NG tube.
C. In some situations, such as when assessing for gastrointestinal bleeding or checking for tube placement, it may be necessary to determine the pH of gastric secretions. Gastric aspirate obtained through the NG tube can be tested for acidity, which can help confirm that the tube is correctly positioned in the stomach and provide information about the client's digestive function.
D. While NG tubes can be used to supply nutrients via tube feedings, this is not typically the primary rationale for their use in the acute situation described (abdominal distention and severe vomiting). However, in cases where a client is unable to tolerate oral intake due to their condition, tube feedings can be administered through the NG tube to provide essential nutrients and maintain nutritional status.

A. Enteral nutrition can be used when a client is unable to consume adequate nutrition orally or when oral intake is contraindicated. It can be used as a supplement to oral intake or as the sole source of nutrition, depending on the client's condition and nutritional needs.
C. Enteral nutrition can be administered either intermittently, where feedings are given at specific times throughout the day, or continuously, where a steady infusion is delivered over an extended period, typically 16 to 24 hours. The method of administration depends on the client's tolerance, nutritional needs, and clinical condition.
B. Enteral nutrition typically consists of liquid formulas specifically designed to provide complete and balanced nutrition. These formulas come in various formulations, including standard polymeric formulas, high-protein formulas, elemental formulas, and disease-specific formulas. They are not thinned pureed food, which is typically used for clients with dysphagia or swallowing difficulties who are receiving oral feeding.
D. While some enteral nutrition formulas may contain dairy-based ingredients, such as milk protein or lactose, not all enteral formulas are milk-based. There are various types of enteral formulas available, including those that are lactose-free, soy-based, or elemental (containing predigested nutrients), to accommodate different dietary preferences and tolerances.
E. Enteral nutrition is administered directly into the gastrointestinal tract, typically through a feeding tube that is inserted into the stomach or small intestine. It is not given intravenously (through a vein), which would be parenteral nutrition.