The nurse recognizes that chronic stress can lead to a variety of illnesses in a patient. This is primarily because:

chronic stress changes genetic structure.

physiologic responses that were originally adaptive become maladaptive over time.

the patient experiences a deficit of available corticosteroids and catecholamines

the patient loses psychologic energy while worrying about stress.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. This statement aligns with the concept of allostatic load, which refers to the cumulative physiological toll that chronic stress places on the body over time. Initially, the body's stress response system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system) is designed to help individuals cope with acute stressors. However, when stress becomes chronic, these physiological responses can become dysregulated and maladaptive, leading to negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, and mental health disorders.
A. Chronic stress has been associated with various changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. However, these changes typically occur over longer periods and are not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness in most cases.
C. Chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, which are responsible for producing and regulating corticosteroids (such as cortisol) and catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline). While acute stress typically results in increased production of these stress hormones, chronic stress can lead to desensitization and dysregulation of these systems, resulting in alterations in hormone levels and potential deficits in the availability of these stress mediators. However, deficits in corticosteroids and catecholamines are not the sole mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness.
D. While chronic stress can certainly contribute to psychological fatigue and depletion of energy reserves, this is not the primary mechanism by which chronic stress leads to illness. The physiological responses to chronic stress, such as dysregulation of stress hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress, are more directly linked to the development of various illnesses.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Tachycardia (elevated heart rate) can be a sign of various underlying conditions, including pain, anxiety, or cardiovascular compromise. While tachycardia may occur as a response to stress or pain associated with the catheter insertion procedure, it can also indicate complications such as hemorrhage, cardiac dysrhythmias, or pulmonary embolism, which require prompt evaluation and intervention.
A. While this can be concerning, it is not typically directly related to complications of a subclavian central venous catheter insertion unless there is evidence of arterial injury or thrombosis.
C. Bibasilar crackles are abnormal lung sounds that can indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs, such as pulmonary edema or pneumonia. However, this may not be directly related to the subclavian central venous catheter insertion itself.
D. Headache is a non-specific symptom that can have numerous causes, including stress, dehydration, or tension.

A. stoma is shiny and moist B. stoma is deep pink C. peristomal skin is not reddened or tender D. abdomen flat E. bowel sounds present 8 to 10 clicks/gurgles per minute

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. A healthy stoma should appear moist and shiny, indicating adequate blood supply and hydration of the tissue. Dryness or dullness of the stoma may indicate poor blood flow or dehydration and should be further evaluated.
B. A healthy stoma typically appears deep pink to red in color, indicating good tissue perfusion. Pallor or cyanosis of the stoma may indicate inadequate blood supply and should be assessed promptly.
C. The skin around the stoma, known as the peristomal skin, should be intact, without signs of irritation, redness, or tenderness. Irritation or breakdown of the peristomal skin can occur due to leakage of stool or irritation from ostomy appliances and should be addressed promptly to prevent skin complications.
D. A flat abdomen suggests normal abdominal contour without distention or bulging. Distention or bulging of the abdomen may indicate underlying issues such as bowel obstruction, gas accumulation, or fluid retention and should be assessed further.

E. Bowel sounds are indicative of gastrointestinal motility and function. Normal bowel sounds are present and audible in healthy individuals and are characterized by 8 to 10 clicks or gurgles per minute. Absence or abnormal bowel sounds may indicate bowel obstruction, ileus, or other gastrointestinal disorders and should be assessed further.

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The nurse recognizes that chronic stress can lead to a variety of illnesses in a patient. This is primarily because:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who just had a subclavian central venous catheter inserted. Which symptom should the nurse recognize as setting a priority for this client's care?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The home care nurse is assessing a client's abdomen 4 weeks after a colostomy in the descending colon was created. What are the expected findings of the a healthy client's abdominal assessment? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

It is a busy day on the medical-surgical floor, and the nurse must teach a client ready for discharge about his medications. How can the nurse most efficiently utilize time and provide this education?

The following arterial blood gas results would demonstrate to the nurse that the client is experiencing which acid-base imbalance? pH 7.31 PaCO2 40, HCO3 18, pa02 92

A nurse is caring for a client in the dying process. How can the nurse best support the client and their family? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

The nurse suspects that a client's intravenous solution has infiltrated. What action should the nurse take first?

The client experiencing abdominal distention and severe vomiting has just had a nasogastric (NG) tube inserted. When teaching this client, which rationale for the use of the NG tube should the nurse include?

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