A nurse is caring for a client whose spouse recently died. The client is newly diagnosed with diabetes. The client is tearful during a diabetic teaching session with the nurse, and states "You can't possibly understand what I'm going through." Which of the following responses is the most therapeutic for the nurse make?

A. Confidentiality refers to the ethical duty of healthcare providers to safeguard patient information and maintain privacy. Upholding confidentiality means that healthcare providers must not disclose sensitive information about a patient to unauthorized individuals without the patient's consent. In this scenario, if the client asks the nurse not to disclose their medical diagnosis to their family members, respecting this request would uphold the principle of confidentiality by protecting the privacy of the patient's health information.
B. Justice in healthcare refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources and the provision of healthcare services. While justice is an important ethical principle, it is not directly applicable to the client's request regarding the disclosure of their medical diagnosis to their family members.
C. Veracity, also known as truthfulness, is the ethical principle of honesty and truthfulness in communication with patients. Upholding veracity means providing patients with accurate and truthful information about their health condition and treatment options. In this scenario, if the nurse complies with the client's request not to disclose their medical diagnosis to their family members, it may involve withholding information and not fully disclosing the truth to the family members. Therefore, upholding the client's request may conflict with the principle of veracity.
D. A healthcare proxy is a legal document that allows an individual (the proxy) to make healthcare decisions on behalf of another person (the principal) if the principal is unable to make decisions for themselves. The existence of a healthcare proxy does not directly relate to the client's request regarding the disclosure of their medical diagnosis to their family members.

A. Positioning the primary IV solution bag higher than the piggyback medication bag creates a pressure gradient, allowing the primary solution to infuse first. Once the primary solution has finished, the secondary piggyback medication automatically starts infusing. This setup ensures that the primary solution is fully infused before the piggyback medication begins.
B. Placing the primary IV solution bag lower than the piggyback medication bag is not the standard practice. This setup would create a pressure gradient that could result in the piggyback medication infusing before the primary solution, which is not desirable. It could lead to incomplete infusion of the primary solution and compromise the effectiveness of the treatment.
C. Positioning the primary IV solution bag at the same height as the piggyback bag does not create a pressure gradient for sequential infusion. As a result, both solutions would flow at the same rate, and it would be challenging to control the order of infusion. This setup is not appropriate for administering IV antibiotics via piggyback because it does not ensure the proper sequence of infusion.
D. The height of the IV solution relative to the insertion site is essential for proper infusion and preventing complications such as infiltration or phlebitis. Ideally, the IV solution should be hung at a height that allows for a gentle flow of fluid into the vein without causing excessive pressure or backflow. Placing the IV solution lower than the insertion site helps facilitate gravity-assisted flow into the vein.