The nurse is administering the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. Which physiological response causes its therapeutic effect?

Chronotropic effect.

Diuresis

Vasodilation.

Sympatholytic action.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Chronotropic effect: This term refers to changes in heart rate. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists like valsartan primarily affect blood pressure and vascular tone, rather than directly altering heart rate.
B) Diuresis: Diuresis involves increased urine production. Although some antihypertensives can have a diuretic effect, valsartan primarily works through mechanisms other than increasing urine output.
C) Vasodilation: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as valsartan work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation. This reduction in vascular resistance helps to lower blood pressure and is the primary therapeutic effect of valsartan.
D) Sympatholytic action: This refers to the suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity. Valsartan does not primarily act through sympathetic nervous system modulation but rather through direct vasodilation by blocking angiotensin II receptors.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Phosphate: Calcium acetate is used primarily to manage hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It works by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its absorption, which helps lower phosphate levels in the blood. A decrease in phosphate levels indicates that the calcium acetate is effectively controlling phosphate levels.
B. pH: While maintaining normal pH levels is important in CKD, calcium acetate does not directly affect blood pH. The primary role of calcium acetate is to manage phosphate levels rather than pH balance.
C. Calcium: Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder and does not primarily target calcium levels. It can influence calcium levels indirectly, but a decrease in calcium is not the direct measure of the medication's effectiveness. Instead, monitoring phosphate levels is more indicative of the medication’s effectiveness.
D. Potassium: Calcium acetate does not have a direct effect on potassium levels. It is specifically used to manage phosphate levels in CKD patients. Changes in potassium levels would not indicate the effectiveness of calcium acetate.

A. 40-year-old female with frequent vaginal infections. B. A 50-year-old male with a history of angina. C. An 18-year-old pregnant female with type 1 diabetes mellitus. D. A 75-year-old male with bone cancer.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Simvastatin is a medication used to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks. It is most commonly prescribed to individuals with a history of heart disease, high cholesterol, or related conditions like angina. The other options are less likely to benefit from simvastatin based on the information provided.

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The nurse is administering the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. Which physiological response causes its therapeutic effect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is receiving calcium acetate 667 mg PO. A decrease in which blood value indicates to the nurse that the medication is having the desired effect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is preparing client teaching materials on commonly used medications. Which client is most likely to benefit from a client education packet about simvastatin?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client receives a prescription for allopurinol. Which information provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

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