The nurse has conducted a cancer prevention community education program. In evaluating the participants understanding of the carcinogens, which statement indicates an accurate understanding?

Carcinogens are substances that contain cancerous cells.

Substances that change a cell so that it becomes cancerous are potential sources of cancer.

Environmental factors such as sunlight and chemicals can cause cancer to spread.

Carcinogens are in the environment and cannot be avoided.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Carcinogens are substances that contain cancerous cells:
This statement is incorrect. Carcinogens are substances that have the potential to cause cancer, but they do not necessarily contain cancerous cells themselves.

B. Substances that change a cell so that it becomes cancerous are potential sources of cancer:
This is the correct answer. Carcinogens are agents that can induce changes in the genetic material of cells, leading to the development of cancer. They can initiate or promote the process of carcinogenesis.

C. Environmental factors such as sunlight and chemicals can cause cancer to spread:
This statement is not accurate. Carcinogens can contribute to the initiation or promotion of cancer, but the spread of cancer (metastasis) involves complex biological processes and is not directly caused by environmental factors.

D. Carcinogens are in the environment and cannot be avoided:
This statement is not accurate. While carcinogens may be present in the environment, efforts can be made to minimize exposure and adopt preventive measures. Avoidance of known carcinogens and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle can contribute to cancer prevention.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Facial puffiness and periorbital edema:
These are common signs of hypothyroidism but may not require immediate action unless accompanied by severe symptoms.

B. Cold and dry skin:
Cold and dry skin is a characteristic feature of hypothyroidism, but a further decline in the level of consciousness is a more urgent issue.

C. Further decline in the level of consciousness.
A decline in the level of consciousness is a critical sign that requires immediate attention, as it may indicate worsening hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, or other serious complications. Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition associated with severe hypothyroidism, and it requires prompt medical intervention.

D. Hematocrit of 30% (0.30):
While anemia is a potential complication of hypothyroidism, a hematocrit of 30% alone may not be the most immediate concern compared to a decline in the level of consciousness.

A. Hyperactive bowel sounds. B. Anxiety and sighing. C. Dark yellow urine. D. Myalgia in wrists and hands.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hyperactive bowel sounds.
Hyperactive bowel sounds are more suggestive of gastrointestinal issues, such as intestinal hypermotility or increased peristalsis. While diabetes can affect the gastrointestinal system, hyperactive bowel sounds are not a specific indicator of the symptoms described by the client.

B. Anxiety and sighing.
Anxiety and sighing are more indicative of emotional or psychological factors rather than dehydration. While stress can impact blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes, anxiety and sighing are not direct signs of the dehydration that may be associated with the reported symptoms.

C. Dark yellow urine.
Dark yellow urine can be a sign of concentrated urine, suggesting dehydration. In diabetes, especially when blood sugar levels are elevated, increased urine production (polyuria) can lead to dehydration. Dark yellow urine may indicate that the urine is more concentrated due to a lack of fluid intake.

D. Myalgia in wrists and hands.
Myalgia in the wrists and hands is not a typical symptom of dehydration related to diabetes. It could be associated with various conditions, such as musculoskeletal issues or nerve-related problems. This symptom is less likely to be directly linked to the reported weakness and palpitations.

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The nurse has conducted a cancer prevention community education program. In evaluating the participants understanding of the carcinogens, which statement indicates an accurate understanding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who has a history of hypothyroidism was initially admitted with lethargy and confusion Which additional finding warrants the most immediate action by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus arrives to the clinic reporting episodes of weakness and palpitations. Which finding should the nurse recognize as a possible complication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

While assessing a client with degenerative joint disease, the nurse observes Heberden's nodes, large prominences on the client's fingers that are reddened. The client reports that the nodes are painful. Which action should the nurse take?

A client is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and needs to begin dialysis. Which condition entered on the client's medical record should the nurse recognize as a contraindication for peritoneal dialysis?

A female college student comes to the school's health clinic complaining of urinary frequency and burning with right lower back pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

The nurse assesses a client with cirrhosis and finds 4+ pitting edema of the feet and legs, and massive ascites. Which mechanism contributes to edema and ascites in clients with cirrhosis?

The nurse is performing the preoperative assessment for a client scheduled for a vertebroplasty of the cervical spine. Which finding should the nurse alert the healthcare provider of prior to the procedure?

While caring for a client with a full thickness burn covering 40% of the body, the nurse observes purulent drainage at the wound. Before reporting this finding to the healthcare provider, the nurse should review which of the client's laboratory values?

A client who underwent cardiac stent placement four days ago arrives to the emergency department reporting a sudden onset of chest pressure and shortness of breath. Which action should the nurse take next?