The nurse has administered NPH insulin at 1700.
At what time would the nurse anticipate the peak action of this insulin?
Between 2100 and 0500
There is no peak action with neutral protamine hagedorn insulin
Between 1800 and 2100
At 1930
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that typically peaks 6-12 hours after administration.
Given that the insulin was administered at 1700 (5:00 PM), the peak action would be expected to occur between 2100 (9:00 PM) and 0500 (5:00 AM).
This time frame aligns with the known pharmacokinetics of NPH insulin.
It's crucial for nurses to be aware of the peak action times of different insulin types to effectively manage blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses accordingly.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. NPH insulin does have a peak action, as explained above.
It's important to understand that even intermediate-acting insulins have a period of peak activity when they exert their strongest glucose-lowering effect.
Choice C rationale:
Incorrect. This time frame is too early to represent the peak action of NPH insulin. The peak action typically occurs later, between 6-12 hours after administration.
Choice D rationale:
Incorrect. This time point is too specific to accurately represent the peak action of NPH insulin.
The peak action can vary within the 6-12 hour window, depending on individual factors and injection site.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Erythromycin ointment does not have moisturizing properties. Its primary purpose is to prevent bacterial infection, not to provide moisture to the eyes.
While some ointments may have a slight moisturizing effect, this is not the main reason for using erythromycin ointment in newborns.
If moisture is the primary concern, other products specifically designed to lubricate the eyes would be more appropriate.
Choice B rationale:
Chemical conjunctivitis is typically caused by exposure to irritants such as chlorine in swimming pools or strong chemicals. Erythromycin ointment is not effective in preventing chemical conjunctivitis.
In fact, it could potentially worsen the irritation if used in cases of chemical conjunctivitis.
If chemical conjunctivitis is suspected, flushing the eyes with water or saline solution and seeking medical attention would be the appropriate course of action.
Choice D rationale:
Erythromycin ointment is an antibiotic, but it is not typically used to treat active infections in newborns.
If a newborn has a suspected eye infection, a healthcare provider would likely prescribe a different antibiotic eye drop or ointment that is more effective in treating the specific infection.
However, erythromycin ointment can be used as a prophylactic measure to prevent eye infections, which is why it is commonly administered to newborns shortly after birth.
Choice C rationale:
Erythromycin ointment is primarily used to prevent eye infections in newborns.
It is effective against a variety of bacteria that can cause conjunctivitis, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the bacteria that causes gonorrhea) and Chlamydia trachomatis (the bacteria that causes chlamydia).
These bacteria can be passed from the mother to the baby during childbirth, and if left untreated, they can cause serious eye infections that can lead to vision loss.
By applying erythromycin ointment to the newborn's eyes shortly after birth, the risk of these infections can be significantly reduced.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Glipizide does not directly enhance glucose transport into the muscles. This action is primarily mediated by insulin, which increases the expression of glucose transporter proteins (GLUT4) on muscle cell membranes, facilitating glucose uptake.
While glipizide can indirectly improve glucose transport into muscles by increasing insulin levels, it's not the primary mechanism of action.
Choice B rationale:
Glipizide does not directly facilitate glucose utilization by body cells. This process also largely depends on insulin, which activates intracellular pathways that promote glucose metabolism and energy production.
Although glipizide can indirectly enhance glucose utilization by increasing insulin availability, it's not the main mechanism responsible for its glucose-lowering effects.
Choice C rationale:
Glipizide does not boost glucose levels. In fact, it has the opposite effect, lowering blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion.
Elevating glucose levels would be counterproductive in diabetes management, as the goal is to maintain blood glucose within a healthy range.
Choice D rationale (correct answer):
Glipizide belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas, which act primarily by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It promotes glucose uptake by various tissues, including muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, and it inhibits glucose production by the liver.
By triggering insulin release, glipizide effectively lowers blood glucose levels. This helps to prevent the long-term complications of diabetes, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs.
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