The nurse cares for a client who sustained a femur fracture twelve hours ago.
Client reports shortness of breath and stated, 'something is not right.' The client was assessed to have a respiratory rate of 25/min and oxygen saturation of 90% while on room air.

Lung sounds had bilateral crackles throughout, and respirations were labored. Chest pain was reported that worsened with breathing. An emergent 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained, and it was observed that the client had reddish-purple spots on their torso. A rapid response was called.

he client is demonstrating signs and symptoms of ?

pulmonary embolism

myocardial infarction

fat embolism syndrome

compartment syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale: Pulmonary embolism would cause chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis, but not petechiae or neurological changes.

Choice B rationale: While chest pain might be associated with myocardial infarction, the combination of symptoms aligns more with a pulmonary embolism.

Choice C rationale: Fat embolism syndrome occurs when fat globules from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream and travel to the lungs, brain, or other organs. This can

cause respiratory distress, neurological impairment, petechiae (reddish-purple spots on the skin), and cardiac dysfunction.

Choice D rationale: Compartment syndrome doesn't typically manifest with respiratory symptoms or reddish-purple spots.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This may indicate a different condition such as gastroenteritis rather than Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS).

Choice B rationale: This is more indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than HHNS.

Choice C rationale: A 72-year-old with a history of diabetes, elevated blood glucose, and complaints of thirst and frequent urination might have uncontrolled diabetes, but the absence of severe hyperglycemia and other symptoms specific to HHNS makes this choice less likely.

Choice D rationale: This fits the criteria for HHNS. The infection, missed medication, and extremely high blood glucose levels suggest the possibility of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome.

A. A breast lump that increases in size before the menstrual period. B. Bilateral breast nodules that are tender with palpation. C. A breast lump that is small and mobile, with a rubbery consistency. D. A breast nodule that is 1 cm in size, nontender, and fixed.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: A breast lump that increases in size before the menstrual period might be related to hormonal changes and is not necessarily indicative of a concerning issue.

Choice B rationale: Bilateral breast nodules that are tender with palpation might be related to benign conditions or hormonal changes.

Choice C rationale: A small, mobile, rubbery breast lump could suggest a benign condition like a fibroadenoma, which might not be as concerning.

Choice D rationale: A breast nodule that is 1 cm in size, nontender, and fixed could potentially raise concerns about malignancy and requires further evaluation.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following patients is most likely experiencing Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome based on their symptoms?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which assessment finding in a 36-yr-old patient is most indicative of a need for further evaluation?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client with multiple traumas after a motor vehicle collision. The nurse learns that the client has secondary syphilis. What precaution should the nurse implement?

A 23-year-old sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch and is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis. This condition is caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?

The nurse is most likely to report which finding to the primary care provider for a client who has an established colostomy?

While reviewing the clinical history of a client with brain injury, the nurse finds that there is a periorbital ecchymosis, which is referred to as raccoon eyes. The client also has leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose. Which fracture should the nurse suspect in the client?

Which nursing action should be included in the plan of care for a patient returning to the surgical unit after a left modified radical mastectomy with dissection of axillary lymph nodes?

A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of Paget's disease. The nurse anticipates the provider will prescribe which of the following medications for this client?

Which disorder is associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region?

The nurse is assessing a client receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which laboratory result should immediately be reported to the primary healthcare provider (PHCP)?