The most common symptom of peptic ulcers is:
Nausea
Pain in the epigastric region
Melena
Decreased appetite
The Correct Answer is B
A. Nausea: Nausea can occur with peptic ulcers, particularly if gastric emptying is delayed or if inflammation affects the stomach lining. However, it is not the most common or defining symptom.
B. Pain in the epigastric region: Epigastric pain is the hallmark symptom of peptic ulcers. It is typically described as burning or gnawing and may occur between meals or at night, often relieved by eating or antacids.
C. Melena: Melena, or black tarry stools, can occur if the ulcer bleeds, but this is more of a complication than a routine symptom. It indicates gastrointestinal bleeding and requires urgent evaluation.
D. Decreased appetite: Appetite changes may occur, especially if eating exacerbates pain in gastric ulcers. However, decreased appetite is not as frequent or specific a symptom as epigastric pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Atrophy of the remaining kidney: In cases of unilateral kidney loss, the remaining kidney typically does not atrophy but instead adapts to compensate for the lost function. Atrophy would be unlikely unless there is an underlying disease affecting the remaining kidney.
B. Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney: When one kidney is removed or nonfunctional, the remaining kidney often undergoes compensatory hypertrophy, increasing in size and function to handle the body's metabolic needs. This process helps maintain adequate renal function despite loss of one kidney.
C. Renal failure: While loss of one kidney reduces overall renal mass, a healthy remaining kidney usually compensates sufficiently to prevent renal failure. Renal failure is unlikely unless the remaining kidney has preexisting damage or disease.
D. Dysplasia in the remaining kidney: Dysplasia refers to abnormal development or growth of tissue, typically congenital. It is not an expected response to removal of the opposite kidney. The remaining kidney usually develops normally unless affected by a congenital abnormality.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Azotemia: Azotemia, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, is a common feature of glomerulonephritis due to reduced kidney filtration capacity and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
B. Hematuria with red cell casts: Hematuria with red blood cell casts is a classic hallmark of glomerulonephritis, indicating glomerular bleeding and inflammation. These casts are formed in the nephron and reflect active glomerular injury.
C. Oliguria and hypertension: Both are characteristic findings in glomerulonephritis. Oliguria results from impaired filtration, while hypertension develops due to fluid retention and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D. An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >100: Glomerulonephritis typically leads to a decreased GFR, not an increase. Inflammation and damage to the glomeruli impair the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, resulting in reduced GFR and waste accumulation.
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