Maria received a diagnosis of this inflammatory bowel disease when she was 14 years old; the surface of her ascending colon resembles "cobblestones", known as skipped lesions, with thickened areas that resemble lead pipes. What type of inflammatory bowel disease does Maria have?
Diverticulitis
Crohn's Disease
Diverticulosis
Ulcerative Colitis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Diverticulitis: This condition involves inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the colon wall, typically presenting with localized pain and not characterized by “cobblestone” appearance or skipped lesions seen on colonoscopy.
B. Crohn's Disease: The description of “cobblestone” mucosa, skipped lesions, and thickened bowel walls resembling “lead pipes” are classic features of Crohn’s disease. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with patchy, transmural inflammation causing thickening and characteristic endoscopic findings.
C. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the presence of diverticula without inflammation. It does not cause the cobblestone or skipped lesion appearance seen in inflammatory bowel disease and is generally asymptomatic unless complicated by diverticulitis.
D. Ulcerative Colitis: This disease causes continuous inflammation usually starting in the rectum and extending proximally, leading to a loss of haustral markings but does not typically present with skipped lesions or a cobblestone appearance. The colon wall tends to be thin rather than thickened.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 60–89 mL/min/1.73m²: This range indicates mildly decreased GFR, often classified as Stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Renal function is still relatively preserved and not considered renal failure at this stage.
B. 30–59 mL/min/1.73m²: This reflects a moderate decrease in GFR, typically Stage 3 CKD. Although kidney function is significantly impaired, it is not yet categorized as renal failure.
C. 15–29 mL/min/1.73m²: This GFR indicates severe kidney impairment and is classified as Stage 4 CKD. While this stage shows significant dysfunction, renal failure is generally diagnosed at lower values.
D. <15 mL/min/1.73m²: A GFR below 15 signals end-stage renal disease (ESRD), also referred to as renal failure. At this stage, dialysis or kidney transplantation is usually necessary to sustain life.
Correct Answer is ["B","D"]
Explanation
A. Traveling abroad recently: While international travel can expose individuals to infectious diseases, it is not the most concerning factor in this case compared to his communal living situation.
B. Living in a large, crowded communal setting: Crowded living conditions significantly increase the risk of meningitis transmission, especially for bacterial types like Neisseria meningitidis which spread via respiratory droplets.
C. An infection of the brain tissue, typically due to a virus or bacteria: This describes encephalitis, not meningitis. Meningitis affects the protective membranes, not the brain tissue itself.
D. An inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord (meninges): This is the correct definition of meningitis and is the pathological hallmark of the disease.
E. Having an allergy to medications: Having an allergy to medications is important for safe patient care and medication administration, but it is not a risk factor for acquiring meningitis.
F. An inflammation of the lungs caused by a viral or bacterial infection: This describes pneumonia, not meningitis. It is unrelated to the direct cause of meningitis.
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