Which of the following clinical findings among older adults is most likely to be viewed as a normal part of aging?
90 year old female whose blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising
81 year old male whose serum creatinine level has increased sharply since his last blood work
80 year old male whose dipstick urine reveals protein is present
78 year old female whose GFR has been steadily declining over several years
The Correct Answer is D
A. 90-year-old female whose blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising: An isolated rise in BUN can indicate dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or renal impairment. While BUN may increase slightly with age, a significant rise should not be dismissed as normal aging and warrants further investigation.
B. 81-year-old male whose serum creatinine level has increased sharply since his last blood work: A sharp increase in creatinine is not typical with aging and may suggest acute kidney injury or worsening chronic kidney disease. In older adults, even small creatinine changes can be significant due to reduced muscle mass.
C. 80-year-old male whose dipstick urine reveals protein is present: Proteinuria is not a normal part of aging and may indicate underlying kidney damage, hypertension, or diabetes. Even trace amounts of protein in the urine of older adults should prompt further evaluation to rule out nephropathy.
D. 78-year-old female whose GFR has been steadily declining over several years: A gradual decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is expected with aging due to nephron loss and reduced renal perfusion. This change is a normal physiologic part of aging, provided there are no abrupt drops or accompanying signs of renal disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Proteus mirabilis: While Proteus mirabilis is a recognized cause of UTIs, especially in catheterized patients or those with structural abnormalities, it is not the most common pathogen overall.
B. Escherichia coli: E. coli is by far the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections, accounting for approximately 80–90% of uncomplicated UTIs due to its ability to adhere to the uroepithelium with fimbriae.
C. Staphylococcus saprophyticus: This organism is a common cause of UTIs in sexually active young women, but overall it is much less prevalent than E. coli across all age groups and sexes.
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Although K. pneumoniae can cause UTIs, particularly in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients, it is not as frequently encountered as E. coli in community-acquired cases.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bruton's disorder: Also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, this is a primary immunodeficiency that results in absent or reduced B cells and recurrent bacterial infections. It does not involve distinct facial features or limb defects as described in the question.
B. SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency involves profound defects in both B and T lymphocyte function, leading to severe infections early in life. It is not associated with the described craniofacial abnormalities or limb deformities.
C. Potter syndrome: This condition is caused by severe oligohydramnios, often due to bilateral renal agenesis, and leads to characteristic physical features including widely spaced eyes with epicanthic folds, low-set ears, a broad or beaked nose, a receding chin, and limb deformities.
D. Down Syndrome: While individuals with Down Syndrome often have characteristic facial features such as upslanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridges, and low-set ears, they typically do not have beak-like noses, receding chins, or limb defects in the way described.
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