Differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 is best described as:
Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas
Need for lifelong insulin injections
Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas
Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
The Correct Answer is D
A. Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas: This describes the autoimmune process characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
B. Need for lifelong insulin injections: Lifelong insulin therapy is typically required in Type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. Many individuals with Type 2 diabetes can manage their condition initially with lifestyle changes and oral medications.
C. Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas: Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells, not beta cells, in the pancreas. Dysregulation of glucagon contributes to hyperglycemia but is not a defining feature distinguishing Type 2 diabetes.
D. Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues: Type 2 diabetes is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels despite normal or increased insulin production. This resistance is a hallmark feature distinguishing it from Type 1 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Atrophy of the remaining kidney: In cases of unilateral kidney loss, the remaining kidney typically does not atrophy but instead adapts to compensate for the lost function. Atrophy would be unlikely unless there is an underlying disease affecting the remaining kidney.
B. Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney: When one kidney is removed or nonfunctional, the remaining kidney often undergoes compensatory hypertrophy, increasing in size and function to handle the body's metabolic needs. This process helps maintain adequate renal function despite loss of one kidney.
C. Renal failure: While loss of one kidney reduces overall renal mass, a healthy remaining kidney usually compensates sufficiently to prevent renal failure. Renal failure is unlikely unless the remaining kidney has preexisting damage or disease.
D. Dysplasia in the remaining kidney: Dysplasia refers to abnormal development or growth of tissue, typically congenital. It is not an expected response to removal of the opposite kidney. The remaining kidney usually develops normally unless affected by a congenital abnormality.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Inflammation of the spinal cord: viral infection: This describes myelitis, which specifically affects the spinal cord, not encephalitis, which involves brain tissue inflammation.
B. A tumor of the brain: A brain tumor is a neoplastic growth and does not describe encephalitis, which is an inflammatory condition of the brain.
C. Inflammation of the brain tissue; viral infection: Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most commonly caused by viral infections such as herpes simplex virus, which directly infect and inflame brain tissue.
D. Infection of the meninges: bacterial infection: This describes meningitis, an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, not encephalitis, which affects the brain tissue itself.
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