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 How many stools per day are considered the upper limits of normal?

A.

Three

B.

Five

C.

Two

D.

Seven

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Three: Up to three bowel movements per day is generally considered the upper limit of normal for stool frequency in adults. This range accommodates individual variation while distinguishing normal from diarrhea.

B. Five: Five stools per day exceed the typical upper limit and may indicate diarrhea or an underlying gastrointestinal disorder if persistent, rather than normal bowel habits.

C. Two: Two stools per day fall well within the normal range but do not represent the upper limit. Normal stool frequency can range from three times per day to three times per week.

D. Seven: Seven stools per day indicate frequent bowel movements consistent with diarrhea, which is above normal frequency and warrants further assessment for underlying causes.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. A 69-year-old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production: While anemia can occur due to chronic kidney disease, it does not directly cause urinary tract obstruction. The lack of erythropoietin affects red blood cell production, not urine flow.

B. A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): BPH is a common cause of urinary obstruction in older men. The enlarged prostate compresses the urethra, leading to impaired urine outflow and increased risk of urinary retention.

C. A 58-year-old male with renal calculi: Kidney stones are a frequent cause of urinary tract obstruction. They can block the flow of urine in the ureters, renal pelvis, or bladder, leading to pain, hydronephrosis, and infection risk.

D. A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time: Pregnancy can cause urinary obstruction due to the enlarged uterus compressing the ureters, especially in the second and third trimesters, resulting in reduced urine flow and potential hydronephrosis.

E. A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury: Neurogenic bladder disrupts normal bladder function and control, which can lead to urinary retention and obstruction due to poor coordination of bladder muscle and sphincter activity.

F. A 43-year-old male with an acid-base imbalance secondary to malnutrition: While malnutrition can affect many organ systems, acid-base imbalance by itself is not a direct cause of urinary tract obstruction.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Liver cirrhosis: Although chronic alcohol use can cause cirrhosis, the acute presentation with severe abdominal pain, fever, hypotension, and elevated amylase and lipase is more indicative of pancreatitis rather than cirrhosis, which typically presents with chronic symptoms.

B. Acute pancreatitis: Sudden severe abdominal pain, fever, low blood pressure, and elevated inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein along with elevated pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) strongly suggest acute pancreatitis. Alcohol use is a common risk factor for this condition.

C. Hepatitis C: This usually presents with more chronic symptoms related to liver dysfunction fatigue, nausea, dark urine, and jaundice. It does not cause elevated pancreatic enzymes or acute abdominal pain.

D. Cholecystitis: While cholecystitis causes abdominal pain and fever, it does not typically cause elevated amylase and lipase levels unless there is associated pancreatitis. The vital signs and enzyme elevations point more directly to pancreatitis.

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