Which of the following describes these characteristics: eyes widely separated and have epicanthic folds, ears low set, nose broad and flat or beak-like, receding chin and many time limb defects are present.
Bruton's disorder
SCID
Potter syndrome
Down Syndrome
The Correct Answer is C
A. Bruton's disorder: Also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, this is a primary immunodeficiency that results in absent or reduced B cells and recurrent bacterial infections. It does not involve distinct facial features or limb defects as described in the question.
B. SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency involves profound defects in both B and T lymphocyte function, leading to severe infections early in life. It is not associated with the described craniofacial abnormalities or limb deformities.
C. Potter syndrome: This condition is caused by severe oligohydramnios, often due to bilateral renal agenesis, and leads to characteristic physical features including widely spaced eyes with epicanthic folds, low-set ears, a broad or beaked nose, a receding chin, and limb deformities.
D. Down Syndrome: While individuals with Down Syndrome often have characteristic facial features such as upslanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridges, and low-set ears, they typically do not have beak-like noses, receding chins, or limb defects in the way described.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glomerulonephritis: This is an immune-mediated condition involving inflammation of the glomeruli and typically presents with proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema rather than urinary frequency, burning, or foul-smelling urine. The presence of E. coli and leukocytes does not support this diagnosis.
B. Kidney calculi: Kidney stones may present with flank pain, hematuria, and sometimes nausea or vomiting, but are not usually associated with urinary frequency, burning, or bacterial growth on urine culture. Randi’s symptoms point more toward an infectious etiology rather than a structural obstruction.
C. Lower UTI: cystitis (bladder infection) and possibly lower ureters: The burning, itching, frequent urination, and foul smell are classic signs of cystitis. The absence of flank pain and only a slightly elevated temperature further supports a lower tract infection rather than an upper one.
D. Upper UTI (pyelonephritis): Pyelonephritis typically presents with fever over 101°F, chills, nausea, vomiting, and significant costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness or back/flank pain. Since Randi denies back pain and has only a mild temperature elevation, an upper UTI is unlikely.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Primary disorders affect hormone receptors, while secondary disorders affect hormone production: While receptor sensitivity may play a role in some conditions, the main distinction between primary and secondary endocrine disorders is based on the location of dysfunction, not receptor or hormone function alone.
B. Primary disorders originate in the target organ, while secondary disorders originate in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus: In primary disorders, the problem lies in the endocrine gland itself (e.g., the thyroid gland in primary hypothyroidism), while secondary disorders result from dysfunction in regulatory centers like the pituitary or hypothalamus.
C. Primary disorders involve the hypothalamus, while secondary disorders involve the target organ: This reverses the correct relationship. Secondary disorders typically involve the hypothalamus or pituitary, not primary disorders.
D. Primary disorders are caused by external factors, while secondary disorders are caused by genetic mutations: While both external and genetic factors can contribute to endocrine disorders, this distinction does not define the difference between primary and secondary types. The classification is based on the anatomical source of dysfunction.
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