The adrenal cortex hormones include all of the following except:
Androgens (sex hormones)
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Epinephrine
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
The Correct Answer is C
A. Androgens (sex hormones): These are produced in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex. They contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics and have a minor role compared to gonadal hormones.
B. Glucocorticoids (cortisol): Cortisol is synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. It regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the stress response, making it a key adrenal cortical hormone.
C. Epinephrine: This hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex. It plays a major role in the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood glucose levels during stress.
D. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone): Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. It is essential for sodium retention, potassium excretion, and blood pressure regulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This option incorrectly matches the terms: cholelithiasis refers to gallstones, not stones in the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not the common bile duct; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct, not inflammation.
B. This option reverses definitions: cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct, not gallstones; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not stones in the common bile duct; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct, not inflammation.
C. This option mislabels choledocholithiasis as inflammation of the common bile duct, but it actually refers to stones in the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not stones in the common bile duct; cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct, not the gallbladder.
D. This option correctly matches the terms: cholelithiasis means gallstones; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct; cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Primary disorders affect hormone receptors, while secondary disorders affect hormone production: While receptor sensitivity may play a role in some conditions, the main distinction between primary and secondary endocrine disorders is based on the location of dysfunction, not receptor or hormone function alone.
B. Primary disorders originate in the target organ, while secondary disorders originate in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus: In primary disorders, the problem lies in the endocrine gland itself (e.g., the thyroid gland in primary hypothyroidism), while secondary disorders result from dysfunction in regulatory centers like the pituitary or hypothalamus.
C. Primary disorders involve the hypothalamus, while secondary disorders involve the target organ: This reverses the correct relationship. Secondary disorders typically involve the hypothalamus or pituitary, not primary disorders.
D. Primary disorders are caused by external factors, while secondary disorders are caused by genetic mutations: While both external and genetic factors can contribute to endocrine disorders, this distinction does not define the difference between primary and secondary types. The classification is based on the anatomical source of dysfunction.
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