The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Administer anti-hypertensives
Obtain blood cultures
Administer broad spectrum antibiotics
Obtain lactate levels
Administer IV fluid bolus
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes the following:
- Obtain blood cultures: Blood cultures help identify the specific microorganism causing the infection, which is important for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy.
- Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics: Early administration of antibiotics is crucial in sepsis to target the suspected or likely infectious organisms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics cover a wide range of potential pathogens until more specific information from culture results is available.
- Obtain lactate levels: Measuring lactate levels helps assess tissue perfusion and can be used as an indicator of the severity of sepsis. Elevated lactate levels are associated with tissue hypoperfusion and increased mortality.
- Administer IV fluid bolus: Early aggressive fluid resuscitation is an essential component of sepsis management. Administering intravenous fluids helps restore intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion.
- Administration of vasopressors: Especially in the setting of hypotension and to maintain MAP above 65mmHg.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Opioid tolerance occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the effects of opioids over time. This means that higher doses of the medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief that was previously achieved with lower doses. Opioid tolerance is a common phenomenon in long-term opioid therapy and can occur in patients who have been using opioids for an extended period.
Opioid abstinence syndrome, also known as opioid withdrawal, refers to the set of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops or reduces their use of opioids after developing physical dependence.
Opioid toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when an individual takes an excessive dose of opioids, leading to potentially life-threatening complications. It is characterized by symptoms such as respiratory depression, sedation, pinpoint pupils, and decreased level of consciousness.
Opioid addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over opioid use, and continued use despite negative consequences.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The glomerular filtration rate is a measure of how effectively the kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. It is a key indicator of kidney function. CKD is staged based on the GFR, which provides an estimate of the percentage of normal kidney function remaining.
While serum creatinine and urea levels are important markers used to assess kidney function, they are not the sole criteria for staging CKD. The degree of altered mental status and total daily urine output are important clinical observations but are not used for staging CKD.
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