The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Hemoglobin A1C is a blood test that provides an average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months. Regular monitoring of A1C levels helps to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications and treatment plans and guides adjustments in management if necessary.

Daily exercise is another essential aspect of managing pre-diabetes. Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, promotes weight management, and reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The nurse should educate patients on the importance of incorporating physical activity into their daily routine and provide recommendations on suitable exercise types and durations.

While other options may be relevant for patients with diabetes, they are not specifically tailored to pre-diabetes, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet meeting the criteria for diabetes.

Hypoglycemia and injection site infection are more relevant concerns for individuals with diabetes who require insulin or other medications to manage their blood sugar levels. Increasing carbohydrate intake and administering insulin are not appropriate recommendations for pre-diabetes management, as they can contribute to elevated blood glucose levels.

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure, known as hypotension. This drop in blood pressure is a critical indicator of the severity of the reaction and the effectiveness of the treatment provided. The nurse needs to monitor the patient's blood pressure closely to ensure it stabilizes and returns to a safe range.

While oxygen saturation, heart rate, and orientation are also important parameters to assess, they are secondary to blood pressure in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment for anaphylaxis. Oxygen saturation can help determine the adequacy of oxygenation, heart rate can indicate the presence of tachycardia (which may be a sign of an ongoing reaction or hypoperfusion), and orientation can provide information about the patient's mental status and potential complications.