In replying to a client's questions about the seriousness of the chronic kidney disease (CKD), the nurse knows that the stage of CKD is based on what?

Serum creatinine and urea levels.

Degree of altered mental status.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Total daily urine output.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The glomerular filtration rate is a measure of how effectively the kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. It is a key indicator of kidney function. CKD is staged based on the GFR, which provides an estimate of the percentage of normal kidney function remaining.

While serum creatinine and urea levels are important markers used to assess kidney function, they are not the sole criteria for staging CKD. The degree of altered mental status and total daily urine output are important clinical observations but are not used for staging CKD.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Small bowel obstruction can lead to the accumulation of gastric contents above the obstruction, causing vomiting.

Obstruction of the small bowel can result in crampy, colicky abdominal pain and abdominal distention.

Electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium), can occur due to vomiting and inadequate intake in cases of small bowel obstruction.

The following finding is not directly associated with small bowel obstruction:

Pain relief after eating is more commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease, not small bowel obstruction.

While blood in the stool can be seen in some cases of bowel obstruction, it is more commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding or other conditions affecting the colon, rather than small bowel obstruction.

A. "Have additional receptors in the colon that prevents transfer of the disease to others” B. "Do not have blood pressures within normal limits when the small bowel encounters salt products." C. "Have an increased risk of aspiration with the additional mucus produced in the small bowel” D. "Do not have proper absorption of nutrients when the small bowel encounters the protein gluten.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the lining of the small intestine, specifically the villi. The damaged villi are unable to effectively absorb nutrients from food, leading to malabsorption and a variety of symptoms.

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In replying to a client's questions about the seriousness of the chronic kidney disease (CKD), the nurse knows that the stage of CKD is based on what?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is admitted with a small bowel (small intestine) obstruction. Which assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A student nurse correctly explains the pathophysiology of celiac when it is stated that patients who have celiac disease:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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