A patient has been treated for lung cancer for 3 years. Over the past few months, the patient has noticed that the opioid analgesic is not helping as much as it had previously and more medication is needed for the same pain relief. The nurse is aware that this patient is experiencing which of these?

Opioid abstinence syndrome

Opioid tolerance

Opioid toxicity

Opioid addiction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Opioid tolerance occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the effects of opioids over time. This means that higher doses of the medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief that was previously achieved with lower doses. Opioid tolerance is a common phenomenon in long-term opioid therapy and can occur in patients who have been using opioids for an extended period.

Opioid abstinence syndrome, also known as opioid withdrawal, refers to the set of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops or reduces their use of opioids after developing physical dependence.

Opioid toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when an individual takes an excessive dose of opioids, leading to potentially life-threatening complications. It is characterized by symptoms such as respiratory depression, sedation, pinpoint pupils, and decreased level of consciousness.

Opioid addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over opioid use, and continued use despite negative consequences.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to adequately filter waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Monitoring urine output is essential in assessing kidney function and determining the severity of renal failure. A decrease in urine output or anuria may indicate worsening renal function and the need for immediate interventions.

Assessing electrolyte levels, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, is crucial because renal failure can disrupt the balance of these electrolytes in the body. Imbalances can lead to complications such as electrolyte abnormalities, cardiac dysrhythmias, and neuromuscular disturbances. Prompt identification and management of electrolyte imbalances are essential in preventing further complications and supporting optimal patient outcomes.

A. Deficient intake of protein. B. Administration of hypotonic IV fluids. C. Excessive dietary intake of salt. D. Overdose of supplemental Potassium pills.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A likely cause of a low sodium level (hyponatremia) of 128 mEq/L is the administration of hypotonic IV fluids. Hypotonic IV fluids have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the body's fluids, which can lead to dilutional hyponatremia. When these fluids are administered, they can cause water to move into the cells, diluting the sodium concentration in the bloodstream.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). The nursing assessment will prioritize ...

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client's Sodium level is 128 meq/L. The nurse knows that a likely cause of this lab finding is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

During surgery, the nurse makes the following observations about the patient: Pulse rises from 68 beats per minute to 110 beats per minute. Temperature increases from 36.5 C to 38.50 Muscles appear rigid. The circulating nurse anticipates preparation of:

A child is admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse should evaluate the patient for which most likely associated symptoms?

A patient is receiving Gabapentin (Neurontin), an anticonvulsant, but has no history of seizures. The nurse expects that the patient is receiving this drug for which condition?

The nurse is caring for a patient who had abdominal surgery yesterday and is receiving morphine through patient controlled analgesia (PCA). What action by the nurse is a priority?

An appropriate nursing intervention to minimize separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler is to:

Which finding indicates to the nurse that the current therapies are effective for a patient with acute adrenal insufficiency?

Which assessment finding is the best Indicator to the nurse that a client's peristaltic activity (Gl motility) has resumed after surgery?