A patient has been treated for lung cancer for 3 years. Over the past few months, the patient has noticed that the opioid analgesic is not helping as much as it had previously and more medication is needed for the same pain relief. The nurse is aware that this patient is experiencing which of these?

Opioid abstinence syndrome

Opioid tolerance

Opioid toxicity

Opioid addiction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Opioid tolerance occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the effects of opioids over time. This means that higher doses of the medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief that was previously achieved with lower doses. Opioid tolerance is a common phenomenon in long-term opioid therapy and can occur in patients who have been using opioids for an extended period.

Opioid abstinence syndrome, also known as opioid withdrawal, refers to the set of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops or reduces their use of opioids after developing physical dependence.

Opioid toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when an individual takes an excessive dose of opioids, leading to potentially life-threatening complications. It is characterized by symptoms such as respiratory depression, sedation, pinpoint pupils, and decreased level of consciousness.

Opioid addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over opioid use, and continued use despite negative consequences.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to adequately filter waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Monitoring urine output is essential in assessing kidney function and determining the severity of renal failure. A decrease in urine output or anuria may indicate worsening renal function and the need for immediate interventions.

Assessing electrolyte levels, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, is crucial because renal failure can disrupt the balance of these electrolytes in the body. Imbalances can lead to complications such as electrolyte abnormalities, cardiac dysrhythmias, and neuromuscular disturbances. Prompt identification and management of electrolyte imbalances are essential in preventing further complications and supporting optimal patient outcomes.

A. Blood pressure due to the vasoconstriction action of this medication. B. Intake/output due to the diuretic action of this medication. C. Blood pressure due to the vasodilation action of this medication. D. Peripheral pulses due to the vasoconstriction action of this medication.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator medication used to rapidly reduce blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies. Its primary action is to dilate blood vessels, leading to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and subsequent reduction in blood pressure.

Monitoring the client's blood pressure is crucial during the administration of nitroprusside to ensure that the medication is achieving the desired effect and that blood pressure is being appropriately controlled. The nurse will assess blood pressure frequently to adjust the infusion rate and titrate the medication to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while avoiding hypotension or other adverse effects.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). The nursing assessment will prioritize ...

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is administering nitroprusside by IV infusion for a client in hypertensive emergency. The nurse knows that the primary assessment will be:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

A client's Sodium level is 128 meq/L. The nurse knows that a likely cause of this lab finding is:

An older patient who had knee replacement surgery 2 days ago can only tolerate being out of bed with physical therapy once a day. Which problem should the nurse identify as a priority for this patient?

What are the most important nursing interventions for clients with possible renal calculi? List two.

Antacids will help reduce the heart burn symptoms associated with gastro-esophageal reflux by ...

Jo is admitted to the hospital with Gastroenteritis. Labs show a potassium (K+ level of 2.8 meQ/dL and sodium (Nat level of 135 meq/dL. The nurse knows that the electrolyte imbalance may be caused by ...

The nurse is assessing a patient's postoperative wound and finds it has separated from the suture line with extrusion of the intestine through the opening. How does the nurse document this finding?