A patient has been treated for lung cancer for 3 years. Over the past few months, the patient has noticed that the opioid analgesic is not helping as much as it had previously and more medication is needed for the same pain relief. The nurse is aware that this patient is experiencing which of these?

Opioid abstinence syndrome

Opioid tolerance

Opioid toxicity

Opioid addiction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Opioid tolerance occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the effects of opioids over time. This means that higher doses of the medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief that was previously achieved with lower doses. Opioid tolerance is a common phenomenon in long-term opioid therapy and can occur in patients who have been using opioids for an extended period.

Opioid abstinence syndrome, also known as opioid withdrawal, refers to the set of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops or reduces their use of opioids after developing physical dependence.

Opioid toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when an individual takes an excessive dose of opioids, leading to potentially life-threatening complications. It is characterized by symptoms such as respiratory depression, sedation, pinpoint pupils, and decreased level of consciousness.

Opioid addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over opioid use, and continued use despite negative consequences.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Hemoglobin A1C is a blood test that provides an average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months. Regular monitoring of A1C levels helps to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications and treatment plans and guides adjustments in management if necessary.

Daily exercise is another essential aspect of managing pre-diabetes. Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, promotes weight management, and reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The nurse should educate patients on the importance of incorporating physical activity into their daily routine and provide recommendations on suitable exercise types and durations.

While other options may be relevant for patients with diabetes, they are not specifically tailored to pre-diabetes, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet meeting the criteria for diabetes.

Hypoglycemia and injection site infection are more relevant concerns for individuals with diabetes who require insulin or other medications to manage their blood sugar levels. Increasing carbohydrate intake and administering insulin are not appropriate recommendations for pre-diabetes management, as they can contribute to elevated blood glucose levels.

A. Decreased cortisol level. B. Elevated glucocorticoid level. C. Decreased aldosterone secretion. D. Elevated insulin secretion.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive production or prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol. This can occur due to various reasons, such as the use of corticosteroid medications or overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Elevated glucocorticoid levels result in a variety of clinical manifestations associated with Cushing's syndrome, including weight gain, central obesity, muscle wasting, thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and impaired glucose metabolism.

It's important to note that Cushing's syndrome can have different underlying causes, such as adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors, or ectopic ACTH production. Regardless of the cause, the common feature in Cushing's syndrome is the excessive glucocorticoid levels, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of the condition.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing education to a group of patients with pre-diabetes. The nurse will be sure to include which of the following in the education plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient is admitted for treatment of Cushing's syndrome. The nurse correlates this disease process to which alteration in endocrine function?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse provides education to a female patient diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which patient statements indicate a correct understanding of iron deficiency? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

The nurse is caring for a preschool child with a cast applied recently for a fractured tibia. Which assessment finding indicates possible compartment syndrome?

A patient is receiving a 3% saline continuous IV infusion for hyponatremia. Which assessment data represents an adverse outcome (side effect) of this infusion?

A client's Sodium level is 128 meq/L. The nurse knows that a likely cause of this lab finding is:

The nurse is administering nitroprusside by IV infusion for a client in hypertensive emergency. The nurse knows that the primary assessment will be: